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East Asian summer monsoon circulation structure controlled by feedback of condensational heating

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Abstract

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) features strong humid low-level southerly flows and abundant rainfall over the subtropical East Asia. This study identified how condensational heating generated by the EASM rainfall can affect the EASM circulation by contrasting two 10-member ensembles of atmospheric General Circulation Model experiments with Community Climate Model version 3/National Center for Atmospheric Research respectively with and without feedback of condensational heating over the East Asian domain. Major results inferred from the experiments are as follows. Condensational heating is found to absolutely dominate diabatic heating over East Asia. Exclusion of the feedback of condensational heating leads to a significant weakening of summertime tropospheric warming over land and thus a large reduction of the land-sea thermal contrast between entire Asian continent and surrounding oceans. Associated with this, the lower-level EASM flows are weakened, South Asian High at 200 hPa migrates southward with reduced intensity and breaks over East Asia with southerly flows prevailing in the upper troposphere, in contrast to northerly flows in reality. Consequently, local EASM meridional cell disappears and the baroclinic structure featured by the EASM circulation that is dynamically determined by convective condensational heating over East Asia is altered to a barotropic structure. Therefore, it is concluded that the feedback of condensational heating acts to largely enhance lower-level flows of the EASM and essentially determine its baroclinic structure and meridional cell, once the solar radiation and inhomogeneity of the Earth’s surface form low-level monsoon flows in East Asia by enhancing land-sea thermal contrast.

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Acknowledgments

This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 40730953 and 40805025, the 973 program under Grant 2010CB428504, the National Public Benefit Research Foundation of China under Grant GYHY200806004, and the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation under Grant BK2008027. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Qiong Jin, Xiu-Qun Yang, Xu-Guang Sun & Jia-Bei Fang

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  1. Qiong Jin
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  2. Xiu-Qun Yang
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  3. Xu-Guang Sun
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  4. Jia-Bei Fang
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Correspondence to Xiu-Qun Yang.

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Jin, Q., Yang, XQ., Sun, XG. et al. East Asian summer monsoon circulation structure controlled by feedback of condensational heating. Clim Dyn 41, 1885–1897 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1620-9

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