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Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries

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Abstract

We statistically reconstruct austral summer (winter) surface air temperature fields back to ad 900 (1706) using 22 (20) annually resolved predictors from natural and human archives from southern South America (SSA). This represents the first regional-scale climate field reconstruction for parts of the Southern Hemisphere at this high temporal resolution. We apply three different reconstruction techniques: multivariate principal component regression, composite plus scaling, and regularized expectation maximization. There is generally good agreement between the results of the three methods on interannual and decadal timescales. The field reconstructions allow us to describe differences and similarities in the temperature evolution of different sub-regions of SSA. The reconstructed SSA mean summer temperatures between 900 and 1350 are mostly above the 1901–1995 climatology. After 1350, we reconstruct a sharp transition to colder conditions, which last until approximately 1700. The summers in the eighteenth century are relatively warm with a subsequent cold relapse peaking around 1850. In the twentieth century, summer temperatures reach conditions similar to earlier warm periods. The winter temperatures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were mostly below the twentieth century average. The uncertainties of our reconstructions are generally largest in the eastern lowlands of SSA, where the coverage with proxy data is poorest. Verifications with independent summer temperature proxies and instrumental measurements suggest that the interannual and multi-decadal variations of SSA temperatures are well captured by our reconstructions. This new dataset can be used for data/model comparison and data assimilation as well as for detection and attribution studies at sub-continental scales.

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Acknowledgments

RN is supported by the by the Swiss NSF through the NCCR Climate. JL acknowledges support from the EU/FP7 project ACQWA (grant 212250). We thank the Servicio Meteorologico Nacional de Argentina and Gustavo Naumann for kindly providing the station data. We also thank Jan Esper and Ulf Büntgen for support in the development of the tree ring chronologies. Many thanks go to all contributors of proxy data and to PAGES for supporting the initiative LOTRED South America. The reviewers made useful comments and suggestions and helped to improve the quality of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    R. Neukom, M. Küttel, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner & L. von Gunten

  2. Institute of Geography, Climatology and Meteorology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    R. Neukom, M. Küttel, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner & L. von Gunten

  3. Department of Geography; Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

    J. Luterbacher

  4. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina

    R. Villalba, M. Morales & A. Srur

  5. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

    M. Küttel

  6. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    D. Frank

  7. Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

    P. D. Jones

  8. Centro de Estudios Cuaternarios de Fuego Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile

    J.-C. Aravena

  9. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

    D. E. Black

  10. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile

    D. A. Christie, A. Lara & R. Urrutia

  11. Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA

    R. D’Arrigo

  12. Núcleo Científico Milenio FORECOS, Fundación FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile

    A. Lara

  13. Section of Ecology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80084, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    C. Soliz-Gamboa

  14. Department of Geosciences, Climate System Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA

    L. von Gunten

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  1. R. Neukom
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  2. J. Luterbacher
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  3. R. Villalba
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  4. M. Küttel
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  9. J.-C. Aravena
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  15. C. Soliz-Gamboa
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  16. A. Srur
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  17. R. Urrutia
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  18. L. von Gunten
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Correspondence to R. Neukom.

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Neukom, R., Luterbacher, J., Villalba, R. et al. Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries. Clim Dyn 37, 35–51 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3

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