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Exciting natural modes of variability by solar and volcanic forcing: idealized and realistic experiments

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Abstract

Using multi-millenium simulations performed with the three-dimensional climate model ECBILT-CLIO, we analyze how variations in the external forcing can excite low-frequency modes of climate variability. We find that prescribing an idealized, abrupt decrease in solar irradiance can trigger a large perturbation of the oceanic thermohaline circulation (THC) associated with a cooling of more than 5 °C in the North Atlantic over decades to centuries. Using more realistic scenarios that include the variations of solar irradiance and the influence of volcanic eruptions, such large perturbations of the THC are not triggered. Nevertheless, modifications of the forcing can strongly modify the probability of very cold years in the North Atlantic. During those cold years, sea-ice covers a large part of the Nordic Seas and the inflow of warm Atlantic waters at high latitudes is strongly reduced. Those processes induce a temporarily, strong local amplification of the forcing and generate modifications of the atmospheric conditions. Simulations of the last millenium climate using realistic forcing reveal that the probability to have such very cold years in the model is higher during the period AD 1300–1850 than during the first centuries of the second millenium or during the twentieth century. This might explain the higher variability observed during this period in some climate records in the Nordic Seas.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank T. Vinje and T. Brinck Lyning for transmitting us information about Arctic historical ice charts. H. Goosse is research associate with the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research. H. Renssen is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. This study was completed within the scope of the Second Multiannual Scientific Support Plan for a Sustainable Development Policy (Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, contracts EV/10/7D and EV/10/9A). All support is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut d’Astronomie et de Géophysique G. Lemaître, Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    H. Goosse

  2. Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    H. Renssen

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  1. H. Goosse
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  2. H. Renssen
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Correspondence to H. Goosse.

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Goosse, H., Renssen, H. Exciting natural modes of variability by solar and volcanic forcing: idealized and realistic experiments. Climate Dynamics 23, 153–163 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0424-y

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