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Noninvasive methods of detecting increased intracranial pressure

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Abstract

The detection of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is of paramount importance in the diagnosis and management of a number of neurologic pathologies. The current gold standard is the use of intraventricular or intraparenchymal catheters; however, this is invasive, expensive, and requires anesthesia. On the other hand, diagnosing intracranial hypertension based on clinical symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, and visual changes lacks sensitivity. As such, there exists a need for a noninvasive yet accurate and reliable method for detecting elevated ICP. In this review, we aim to cover both structural modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ocular ultrasound, fundoscopy, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as functional modalities such as transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Dr. Steve Siegel for review writing guidance. The first author of this publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number TL1TR000138. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Craniofacial Surgery Center and Division of Plastic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Wen Xu, Patrick Gerety, Jordan Swanson & Jesse Taylor

  2. Scheie Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tomas Aleman

  3. Division of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tomas Aleman

Authors
  1. Wen Xu
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  2. Patrick Gerety
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  3. Tomas Aleman
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  4. Jordan Swanson
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  5. Jesse Taylor
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Correspondence to Jesse Taylor.

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The first author of this publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number TL1TR000138. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Xu, W., Gerety, P., Aleman, T. et al. Noninvasive methods of detecting increased intracranial pressure. Childs Nerv Syst 32, 1371–1386 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3143-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3143-x

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