Abstract
Control strategies for laminar flow control above an unswept wing are investigated. An actuation method based on a flexible membrane displaced by multiple piezo-polymer composite elements is developed for wind tunnel experiments. A model predictive control algorithm is applied to control the multi-bar actuator. The direct negative superposition method of damping Tollmien–Schlichting waves is compared to a biomimetic approach imitating the damping mechanisms of a compliant skin. In both cases, a model predictive control algorithm is applied to control the multi-bar actuator segments. For the biomimetic approach, reduced, real-time solvable models of compliant surfaces are developed and parametrized by direct optimization and according to numerically generated optimal wall properties. Damping results of up to 85 % RMS value are achieved, shifting the onset of transition about 100 mm downstream with a single actuation membrane. Additional experiments with cascaded multiple membranes show the potential for a further shift.
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Notes
For two scalar discrete time series x 1, x 2 we define the fit as \(1-(\|x_1-x_2 \| / \|x_2-\hbox{mean}(x_2)\|)\)
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding this research as part of the SPP 1207 “Nature-Inspired Fluid Mechanics.” It is an adapted version of the SPP’s final report, published in Goldin and King (2012).
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This article is part of the collection Topics in Flow Control. Guest Editors J. P. Bonnet and L. Cattafesta.
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Goldin, N., King, R., Pätzold, A. et al. Laminar flow control with distributed surface actuation: damping Tollmien-Schlichting waves with active surface displacement. Exp Fluids 54, 1478 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1478-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1478-6