Abstract
Results from experiments on the near field of a turbulent circular pipe jet at Reynolds numbers between 3,000 and 30,000 are compared to analytical models derived from assuming a perfect balance between axial and radial flow rates. This assumption is proved to be valid on average by taking measurements on both longitudinal and transverse planes and by direct evaluation of axial and radial flow rates. The experimental campaign is carried out by performing measurements by means of high-speed particle image velocimetry. The analytical models describe approximately the behavior of measured average radial velocities and entrainment rates with indications of a significant Reynolds number dependence which disappears for values larger than 10,000. This behavior is also confirmed by velocity rms and integral scale results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amielh M, Djeridane T, Anselmet F, Fulachier L (1996) Velocity near-field of variable density turbulent jets. Int J Heat Mass Tran 39:2149–2164
Bogey C, Bailly C (2009) Turbulence and energy budget in a self-preserving round jet: direct evaluation using large eddy simulation. J Fluid Mech 627:129–160
Burattini P, Lavoie P, Antonia RA (2005) On the normalized turbulent energy dissipation rate. Phys Fluids 17:098103
Cater JE, Soria J (2002) The evolution of round zero-net-mass-flux jets. J Fluid Mech 472:167–200
Crow S, Champagne F (1971) Orderly structure in jet turbulence. J Fluid Mech 48:547–591
Deo RC, Mi J, Nathan GJ (2007) The influence of nozzle-exit geometric profile on statistical properties of a turbulent plane jet. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 32:545–559
Deo RC, Nathan GJ, Mi J (2007b) Comparison of turbulent jets issuing from rectangular nozzles with and without sidewalls. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 32:596–606
Dimotakis PE (2000) The mixing transition in turbulent flows. J Fluid Mech 409:69–98
Falchi M, Romano GP (2009) Evaluation of the performance of high-speed PIV compared to standard PIV in a turbulent jet. Exp Fluids 47:509–526
Fellouah H, Pollard A (2009) The near and intermediate field of a round free jet: the effect of Reynolds number and mixing transition. In: Sixth international symposium on turbulence and shear flow phenomena (TSFP-6), Seoul, South Korea
Hassan ME, Meslem A (2010) Time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry investigation of the entrainment in the near field of circular and daisy-shaped orifice jets. Phys Fluids 22:21–32
Hill B (1972) Measurement of local entrainment rate in the initial region of axisymmetric turbulent air jets. J Fluid Mech 51:773–779
Hussein HJ, Capp SP, George WK (1994) Velocity measurements in a high-reynolds-number, momentum-conserving, axisymmetric, turbulent jet. J Fluid Mech 258:31–75
Kim J, Choi H (2009) Large eddy simulation of a circular jet: effect of inflow conditions on the near field. J Fluid Mech 620:383–411
Klaasen GP, Peltier WR (1988) The role of transverse secondary instabilities in the evolution of free shear layers. J Fluid Mech 202:367–402
Kuang J, Hsu CT, Qiu H (2001) Experiments on vertical turbulent plane jets in water of finite depth. J Eng Mech 127:18–26
Liepmann D, Gharib M (1992) The role of streamwise vorticity in the near-field entrainment of round jets. J Fluid Mech 245:643–648
Malmstrom TG, Kirkpatrick A, Christensen B, Knappmiller K (1997) Centreline velocity decay measurements in low-velocity axisymmetric jets. J Fluid Mech 246:363–377
Mi J, Nobes DS, Nathan GJ (2001) Influence of jet exit conditions on the passive scalar field of an axisymmetric free jet. J Fluid Mech 432:91–125
Mi J, Kalt P, Nathan G, Wong C (2007) Piv measurements of a turbulent jet issuing from round sharpedged plate. Exp Fluids 42:625–637
O’Neill P, Soria J, Honnery D (2004) The stability of low Reynolds number round jets. Exp Fluids 36:473–483
Pope SB (2000) Turbulent flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Quinn WR (2007) Experimental study of the near field and transition region of a free jet issuing from a sharp-edged elliptic orifice plate. Eur J Mech B-Fluid 26:583–614
Quinn WR (2006) Upstream nozzle shaping effects on near field flow in round turbulent free jets. Eur J Mech B-Fluid 25:279–301
Romano GP (2002) The effect of boundary conditions by the side of the nozzle of a low Reynolds number jet. Exp Fluids 33:323–333
Sbrizzai F, Verzicco R, Pidria MF, Soldati A (2004) Mechanisms for selective radial dispersion of microparticles in the transitional region of a confined turbulent round jet. Int J Multiph Flow 30:1389–1417
Stanislas M, Okamoto K, Kahler CJ, Westerweel J, Scarano F (2008) Main results of the third international PIV challenge. Exp Fluids 45:27–71
Wygnanski I, Fiedler HE (1969) Some measurements in the self-preserving jet. J Fluid Mech 38:577–612
Xu G, Antonia RU (2002) Effect of different initial conditions on a turbulent round free jet. Exp Fluids 33:677–683
Zaman KBMQ, Hussain AKMF (1981) Turbulence suppression in free shear flows by controlled excitation. J Fluid Mech 103:133–159
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Capone, A., Soldati, A. & Romano, G.P. Mixing and entrainment in the near field of turbulent round jets. Exp Fluids 54, 1434 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1434-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1434-x