Abstract
An approach to characterise jets by analysing the locations of large-scale instantaneous structures is presented. Planar imaging is used to identify instantaneous large-scale structures in flow fields. “Correlation Images” are generated from the auto-correlation of identified large-scale structures in instantaneous planar images. A “Structure Correlation Survey” is produced by the sum of Correlation Images from an ensemble. A Structure Correlation Survey provides a measure of the underlying large-scale structures, namely the characteristic distances and angles between large-scale structures, number densities of large-scale structures in the image field and their dominant modes of flow. The approach is assessed analytically and applied to experimental data. Four generic flow patterns are identified and used individually, or in combination, to classify jet flows. Results show that the proposed method can be used successfully to characterise jet flows based on large-scale structures in an instantaneous flow field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas T, Costen P, Lockwood FC, Romo-Millares CA (1993) The effect of particle size on NO in a large-scale pulverised coal-fired laboratory furnace: measurements and modeling. Combust Flame 93:316–326
Agrawal A, Prasad AK (2002) Organizational modes of large-scale vortices in an axisymmetric turbulent jet flow. Flow Turbul Combust 86(4):359–377
Adrian RJ (1991) Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 23:261–304
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2009) The influence of jet precession on near field particle distributions. Int J Multiph Flow 35:288–296
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2011) The influences of jet precession on large-scale turbulent particle clusters. Int J Multiph Flow 37(4):394–402
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2011) A method to provide statistical measures of large-scale instantaneous particle clusters from planar images. Exp Fluids 51(3):641–656
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2011) The effect of radial injection on the particle distribution of an initially biased turbulent jet. Australian combustion symposium, University of Newcastle
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2011) The Effect of swirl injection on the particle distributions of an initially biased turbulent jet. In: Sixth Australian conference on laser diagnostics in fluid mechanics and combustion, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2012) The influences of particle mass loading on the mean and instantaneous distribution of particles in particle-laden precessing jet flows. Int J Multiph Flow 41:13–22
Birzer CH, Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2012) Renormalisation of particle distribution in an initially-biased turbulent jet by swirl and radial injection, submitted to International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Cassel HM, Liebman I (1959) The cooperative mechanism in the ignition of dust dispersions. Combust Flame 3:467–475
Crow SC, Champagne (1971) Orderly structure in jet turbulence. J Fluid Mech 483:547–591
Dahm WJA, Dimotakis PE (1990) Mixing at large Schmidt number in the self-similar far field of turbulent jets. J Fluid Mech 217:299–330
Dahm WJA, Frieler CE, Tryggason G (1992) Vortex structure and dynamics in the near field of a co-axial jet. J Fluid Mech 241:371–402
Hagiwara Y, Murata T, Tanaka M, Fukawa T (2002) Turbulence modification by the clusters of settling particles in turbulent water flow in a horizontal duct. Powder Technol 125:158–167
Kajishima T, Takiguchi S (2002) Interaction between particle clusters and particle-induced turbulence. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 23:639–646
Kalt PAM, Long MB (2008) OMA—image processing for Mac OS X. http://www.oma-x.org
Kalt PAM, Birzer CH, Nathan GJ (2007) Corrections to facilitate planar imaging of particle concentration in particle-laden flows using Mie-Scatting Part 1: collimated laser sheets. Appl Opt 46(23):5823–5834
Kalt PAM, Nathan GJ (2007) Corrections to facilitate planar imaging of particle concentration in particle-laden flows using Mie-Scatting Part 2: diverging laser sheets. Appl Opt 46(30):7227–7236
Keane RD, Adrian RJ (1992) Theory of cross-correlation analysis of PIV images. Appl Sci Res 49:191–215
Longmire EK, Eaton JR (1992) Structure of a particle-laden round jet. J Fluid Mech 236:217–257
Nathan GJ, Luxton RE (1992) Reduced NO X emissions and enhanced large scale turbulence from a precessing jet burner. In: 24th symposium (international) on combustion, The Combustion Institute, pp 1399–1405
Nathan GJ, Mi J, Alwahabi ZT, Newbold GJR, Nobes DS (2006) Impacts of a jet’s exit flow pattern on mixing and combustion performance. Prog Energy Combust Sci 32:496–538
Parham JJ, Nathan GJ, Hill SJ, Mullinger PJ (2005) A modified Thring-Newby scaling criterion for confined rapidly-spreading and unsteady jets. Combust Sci Technol 177(8):1421–1427
Ryan W, Annamalai K (1991) Group ignition of a cloud of coal particles. J Heat Transfer 113:677–687
Schneier GM, Hooper JD, Musgrove AR, Nathan GJ, Luxton RE (1997) Velocity and Reynolds stresses in a precessing jet flow. Exp Fluids 22:489–495
Smith NL, Megalos NP, Nathan GJ, Zhang DK, Smart JP (1998) Precessing jet burners for stable and low NO X pulverised fuel flames—preliminary results from small-scale trials. Fuel 77:1013–1016
Squires KD, Eaton JK (1990) Particle response and turbulence modification in isotropic turbulence. Phys Fluids A 2(7):1191–1203
Wark C, Eickmann K, Richards C (2000) The structure of an acoustically forced, reacting two-phase jet. Combust Flame 120:539–548
Wong CY, Lanspeary PV, Nathan GJ, Kelso RM, O’Doherty T (2003) Phase-averaged velocity in a fluidic precessing jet nozzle and in its near external field. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 27:515–524
Wong CY, Nathan GJ, Kelso RM (2008) The naturally oscillating flow emerging from a fluid precessing jet nozzle. J Fluid Mech 606:153–188
Wylie JJ, Koch DL (2000) Particle clustering due to hydrodynamic interactions. Phys Fluids 12(5):964–970
Zhang DK, Wall TF (1993) An analysis of the ignition of coal dust clouds. Combust Flame 92:475–480
Zimmer L, Ikeda Y, Fujimoto K, Nakajima T (2002) Planar Droplet Sizing for the characterization of clusters in an industrial gun-type burner. In: 11th international symposium on application of laser technology to fluid mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal
Zimmer L, Ikeda Y, Domann R, Hardalupas Y (2002) Simultaneous LIF and Mie scattering measurements for branch-like spray cluster in industrial oil burner. 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit
Zimmer L, Ikeda Y (2003) Planar Droplet Sizing for the characterization of clusters in an industrial gun-type burner. Part Part Syst Charact 20:199–208
Zimmer L, Domann R, Hardalupas Y, Ikeda Y (2003) Simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence and Mie-scattering for droplet cluster measurements. AIAA J 41:2170–2178
Acknowledgments
The author acknowledges the assistance from Rebecca Jones and the financial assistance provided to this project by the Australian Research Council through its Linkage Grant scheme and by industrial partner FCT-Combustion.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Birzer, C.H. Correlative analysis of organised structures in turbulent jets. Exp Fluids 53, 1681–1691 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1383-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1383-4