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Copper-Induced Responses in Poplar Clones are Associated with Genotype- and Organ-Specific Changes in Peroxidase Activity and Proline, Polyamine, ABA, and IAA Levels

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Abstract

The involvement of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), polyamines (PAs), and proline in adaptation to long-term exposure of woody plants to high levels of heavy metals in soil has received scant attention, even in poplar which is a good candidate for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils and is regarded as a model for basic research in tree species. Three poplar clones (M1, PE19/66, and B229) were comparatively analyzed in a pot experiment for their responses to 300 mg kg−1 Cu(NO3)2 at morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels. After 4 months, despite the prevalent accumulation of Cu in roots, where the metal reached potentially toxic concentrations, the three clones showed distinct Cu accumulation and translocation capacities, whereas they did not display evident toxicity symptoms or growth inhibition. Several protective mechanisms, namely decreased photosynthetic functionality, enhanced guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) activity, and accumulation of proline and PAs, were differentially activated in Cu-treated plants in an organ- and clone-specific manner. Overall, a positive relationship between root Cu concentration with GPOD, proline, and PAs was observed. In M1, higher Cu accumulation in roots and leaves compared with other clones was reflected in stimulation of GPOD activity in both organs and in enhanced proline, and PA levels. In PE19/66, these responses were observed only in roots concomitant with high Cu accumulation. Clone B229 accumulated very low amounts of Cu, therefore, these defense responses were attenuated compared with other clones. Enhanced ABA concentrations in response to Cu were observed in PE19/66 and B229; this was likely responsible for stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in PE19/66, whereas in B229 this effect may have been counteracted by increased IAA. Essentially unchanged leaf auxin levels under Cu stress may account for the lack of shoot growth inhibition observed in all three clones; B229 was the only clone that displayed Cu-induced IAA accumulation in roots. Results are discussed in terms of clone-specific adaptive mechanisms to Cu stress in tolerant poplars.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by STSM Grants from COST Action FP0903 “Climate Change and Forest Mitigation and Adaptation in a Polluted environment (MAFor)” and by COST Action FP1106 ‘Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a SynthesiS (STReESS)’ to MK. Additional support was provided by funds (Ricerca Fondamentale Orientata, RFO 2012) from the University of Bologna to SB and by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, Project No. III 43002—Biosensing technology and the global systems for continuous research and integrated management of ecosystems to SO and MK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, A. Čehova 13, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Marko Kebert & Saša Orlović

  2. Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, (IBIMET-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Francesca Rapparini, Luisa Neri & Gianpaolo Bertazza

  3. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Stefania Biondi

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  1. Marko Kebert
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  2. Francesca Rapparini
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  3. Luisa Neri
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  4. Gianpaolo Bertazza
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  5. Saša Orlović
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Correspondence to Francesca Rapparini.

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Kebert, M., Rapparini, F., Neri, L. et al. Copper-Induced Responses in Poplar Clones are Associated with Genotype- and Organ-Specific Changes in Peroxidase Activity and Proline, Polyamine, ABA, and IAA Levels. J Plant Growth Regul 36, 131–147 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-016-9626-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-016-9626-x

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