Abstract
Polysiphonia urceolata is one type of potential commercial red seaweeds used for breeding and cultivation, because of its significant biochemical and biomedical application. However, the information of breeding and seedling incubation for cultivation is limited, especially the early development. In this study, tetrasporohyte and gametophyte of P. urceolata were taken as the study materials in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China. The cleaned and sterilized tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were pre-cultured in sterilized seawater, then nurtured at 18°C, 25 μmol photons m−2 s−1 in 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Continuous observation under microscope showed that the early development consists of bipolar division stage and seedling stage. In the division stage, tetraspores germinate into bipolar sporelings that further differentiate into a colorless rhizoidal portion and a lightly pigmented upright shoot. The lightly pigmented rhizoidal cell develops to a rhizoid and the larger pigmented cell transforms to an erect axis. In the seedling stage, several quasi-protuberances appear on the erect axis and form juvenile seedlings. The results demonstrate the culture of P. urceolata from tetraspores under laboratory conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agardh, C. A., 1817. Synopsis Algarum Scandinaviae. Lund.
Agardh, J. G., 1863. Species genera et ordines algarum. Lund.
Batten, L., 1923. The genus Polysiphonia Grev., a critical revision of the British species, based upon anatomy. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 46: 22–25; 271–311.
Coleman, D. C. and A. C. Mathieson, 1974. Investigations of New England marine algae. VI. The distribution of marine algae near Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Rhodora 76: 537–563.
Craigie, J. S. and J. D. Pringle, 1978. Spatial distribution of tetraporophytes and gametophytes in four maritime populations of Chondrus crispus. Can. J. Bot. 56: 2 910–2 914.
Destombe, C., J. Godin, M. Nocher, S. Richerd and M. Valero, 1993. Differences in response between haploid and diploid isomorphic phases of Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) exposed to artificial environmental conditions. Hydrobiologia 260: 131–137.
Dixon, P. S., 1964. Parennation, vegetative propagation and algal life histories, with special reference to Asparagopsis and other Rhodophyta. Botanica Gothoburg 3: 67–74.
Greville, R. K., 1823. Scottish Cryptogamic Flora. Edinburgh and London. 2(18): 86–90.
Hang, H., L. X. Zhang, M. S. Lu and P. Y. Yin, 1998. Studies of the fatty acids in Polysiphonia. Mar. Sci. 5: 7–9. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Hehre, E. J. and A. C. Mathieson, 1970. Investigations of New England marine algae. III. Composition, seasonal occurrence and reproductive periodicity of the marine Rhodophyceae in New Hampshire. Rhodora 72: 194–235
Hommersand, M. H., 1963. The morphology and classification of some Ceramiaceae and Rhodomelaceae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 35: 165–366.
Hommersand, M. H. and S. Fredericq, 1990. Sexual Reproduction and Cystocarp Development. In: Cole, K. M. and R. G. Sheath, eds. Biology of the Red Algae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 305–347.
Iyengar, M. O. P. and M. S. Balakrishnan, 1950. Morphology and cytology of Polysiphonia platycarpa Borgesen. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sec. B31: 135–161.
Kaczmarska, I. and L. L. Dowe, 1997. Reproductive biology of the red alga Polysiphonia lanosa (Ceramiales) in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Mar. Biol. 128: 695–703.
Kapraun, D. F. and J. Rueness, 1983. The genus Polysiphonia (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae) in Scandinavia. Giom. Bot. Ital. 117: 1–30
Kim, M. S., C. A. Maggs, L. Mcivor and M. D. Guiry, 2000. Reappraisal of the type species of Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Eur. J. Phycol. 35: 83–92.
Kim, M. S., 1995. A Taxonomic Revision of Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in Korea. PhD. Thesis, Seoul National University.
Kim, M. S. and I. K. Lee, 1996. Morphology and reproduction of Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun et J. Norris (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). J. Plant. Biol. 39: 23–29.
Kim, M. S., I. K. Lee and S. M. Boo, 1994. Morphological studies of the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey on the Korean Coast. Korean J. Phycol. 9: 185–192.
Kurata, K. and T. Amiya, 1980. A new bromophenol from the red alga Polysiphonia urceolata. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 53: 2 020–2 022.
Lee, R. C., 1980. Phycology. Cambridge University Press. p. 342–343.
Li, K., X. M. Li, N. Y. Ji and B. G. Wang, 2007. Natural bromophenols from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata (Rhodomelaceae): Structural elucidation and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 15: 6 627–6 631.
Liu, Q. W., G. H. Li, K. Liu, T. Zhang, X. Fan and H. Y. Guo, 2006. Chemical constituents from Polysiphonia urceolata. Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs. 37(10): 1 462–1 465. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu, Q. W., T. Zhang, K. Liu, X. Fan, L. J. Han and X. R. Li, 2007. Experimental study on antidiabetic effect of total phenols from Polysiphonia urceolat. Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs. 38(3): 415–418. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ravanko, O., 1989. On the life history of Polysiphonia violacea (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) in the SW archipelago of Finland. Annls. Bot. Fenn. 26: 291–295.
Rosenvinge, L. K., 1923. The marine algae of Denmark. Contributions to their natural history. III. Rhodophyceae III (Ceramiales). K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 7: 287–486.
Searles, R. B., 1980. The strategy of the red algal life history. Am. Nat. 115: 113–120.
Silva, P. C., 1952. A review of nomenclatural conservation in the algae from the point of view of the type method. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25: 241–324.
Silva, P. C., P. W. Basson and R. L. Moe, 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 79: 1–1 259.
Song, H. T., X. Fan and S. H. Xu, 1997. Studies on chemical characteristics of Polysiphonia urceolata. Mar. Sci. 4: 58–60. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Stegenga, H., J. J. Bolton and R. J. Anderson, 1997. Seaweeds of the South African West Coast. Bolus Herbarium Publication No. 18. University of Cape Town.
Taylor, A. R. A., 1960. Variation in the genus Polysiphonia Greville. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp. 5: 209–216.
Taylor, A. R. A., 1962. The type species of Polysiphonia Greville. Taxon 11: 229.
Tseng, C. K., 1983. Common Seaweeds of China. Science Press, Beijing.
Wei, Y. X. and H. Hang, 1998. Purification and analysis of polysaccharide from Polysiphonia urceolata. J. Qingdao Univ. 11(3): 85–88. (in Chinese with English abstract)
West, J. A. and M. H. Hommersand, 1981. Rhodophyta: life histories. In: Lobban C. S., M. J. Wynne, eds. The biology of Seaweeds. Blackwell, Oxford. p. 133–193.
Wikfors, G. and M. Ohno, 2001. Impact of algal research in aquaculture. J. Phycol. 37: 968–974.
Xu, N. J., X. Fan, L. J. Han, X. J. Yan and C. K. Tseng, 2001. Screening marine algae from Shandong coast for antitumor activity. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica 32(4): 408–413. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang, L. X., Y. X. Wei, R. L. Niu and M. J. Tang, 2001. Bioactivity and application of two Polysiphonia species. Mar. Sci. 25(10): 49–51. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by National Key Technology Support Program, Development Program of China (No.2006AA09Z21), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40618001 and N_CUHK438/06) and Shandong Agricultural Seed Stock Breeding Project
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yao, J., Li, D., Yu, S. et al. Formation and early development of tetraspores of Polysiphonia urceolata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 27, 365–369 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-009-9115-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-009-9115-1