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Direct determination of glucose, lactate and triglycerides in blood serum by a tunable quantum cascade laser-based mid-IR sensor

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Abstract

This work reports on a compact sensor for fast and reagent-free point-of-care determination of glucose, lactate and triglycerides in blood serum based on a tunable (1030–1230 cm−1) external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL). For simple and robust operation a single beam set-up was designed and only thermoelectric cooling was used for the employed laser and detector. Full computer control of analysis including liquid handling and data analysis facilitated routine measurements. A high optical pathlength (>100 μm) is a prerequisite for robust measurements in clinical practice. Hence, the optimum optical pathlength for transmission measurements in aqueous solution was considered in theory and experiment. The experimentally determined maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was around 140 μm for the QCL blood sensor and around 50 μm for a standard FT-IR spectrometer employing a liquid nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector. A single absorption spectrum was used to calculate the analyte concentrations simultaneously by using a partial-least-squares (PLS) regression analysis. Glucose was determined in blood serum with a prediction error (RMSEP) of 6.9 mg/dl and triglycerides with an error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 17.5 mg/dl in a set of 42 different patients. In spiked serum samples the lactate concentration could be determined with an RMSECV of 8.9 mg/dl.

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Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding within the RSA (Research Studios Austria) programme of the FFG (Austrian Research Promotion Agency).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164AC, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    M. Brandstetter, L. Volgger, A. Genner & B. Lendl

  2. Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, 1040, Vienna, Austria

    C. Jungbauer

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  1. M. Brandstetter
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  2. L. Volgger
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  3. A. Genner
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  4. C. Jungbauer
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Correspondence to B. Lendl.

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Brandstetter, M., Volgger, L., Genner, A. et al. Direct determination of glucose, lactate and triglycerides in blood serum by a tunable quantum cascade laser-based mid-IR sensor. Appl. Phys. B 110, 233–239 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-012-5080-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-012-5080-z

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