Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hybrid mouse diversity panel: a panel of inbred mouse strains suitable for analysis of complex genetic traits

  • Published:
Mammalian Genome Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have developed an association-based approach using classical inbred strains of mice in which we correct for population structure, which is very extensive in mice, using an efficient mixed-model algorithm. Our approach includes inbred parental strains as well as recombinant inbred strains in order to capture loci with effect sizes typical of complex traits in mice (in the range of 5 % of total trait variance). Over the last few years, we have typed the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) strains for a variety of clinical traits as well as intermediate phenotypes and have shown that the HMDP has sufficient power to map genes for highly complex traits with resolution that is in most cases less than a megabase. In this essay, we review our experience with the HMDP, describe various ongoing projects, and discuss how the HMDP may fit into the larger picture of common diseases and different approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahlqvist E, Ekman D, Lindvall T, Popovic M, Forster M, Hultqvist M, Klaczkowska D, Teneva I, Johannesson M, Flint J, Valdar W, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R (2011) High-resolution mapping of a complex disease, a model for rheumatoid arthritis, using heterogeneous stock mice. Hum Mol Genet 20:3031–3041

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altshuler D, Daly MJ, Lander ES (2008) Genetic mapping in human disease. Science 322:881–888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett BJ, Farber CR, Orozco L, Kang HM, Ghazalpour A, Siemers N, Neubauer M, Neuhaus I, Yordanova R, Guan B, Truong A, Yang WP, He A, Kayne P, Gargalovic P, Kirchgessner T, Pan C, Castellani LW, Kostem E, Furlotte N, Drake TA, Eskin E, Lusis AJ (2010) A high-resolution association mapping panel for the dissection of complex traits in mice. Genome Res 20:281–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrage LC, Baskin-Hill AE, Sinasac DS, Singer JB, Croniger CM, Kirby A, Kulbokas EJ, Daly MJ, Lander ES, Broman KW, Nadeau JH (2010) Genetic resistance to diet-induced obesity in chromosome substitution strains of mice. Mamm Genome 21:115–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casci T (2012) Mouse genetics: fruits of the Collaborative Cross. Nat Rev Genet 13:223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cervino AC, Darvasi A, Fallahi M, Mader CC, Tsinoremas NF (2007) An integrated in silico gene mapping strategy in inbred mice. Genetics 175:321–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill GA, Airey DC, Allayee H, Angel JM, Attie AD, Beatty J, Beavis WD, Belknap JK, Bennett B, Berrettini W, Bleich A, Bogue M, Broman KW, Buck KJ, Buckler E, Burmeister M, Chesler EJ, Cheverud JM, Clapcote S, Cook MN, Cox RD, Crabbe JC, Crusio WE, Darvasi A, Deschepper CF, Doerge RW, Farber CR, Forejt J, Gaile D, Garlow SJ, Geiger H, Gershenfeld H, Gordon T, Gu J, Gu W, de Haan G, Hayes NL, Heller C, Himmelbauer H, Hitzemann R, Hunter K, Hsu HC, Iraqi FA, Ivandic B, Jacob HJ, Jansen RC, Jepsen KJ, Johnson DK, Johnson TE, Kempermann G, Kendziorski C, Kotb M, Kooy RF, Llamas B, Lammert F, Lassalle JM, Lowenstein PR, Lu L, Lusis A, Manly KF, Marcucio R, Matthews D, Medrano JF, Miller DR, Mittleman G, Mock BA, Mogil JS, Montagutelli X, Morahan G, Morris DG, Mott R, Nadeau JH, Nagase H, Nowakowski RS, O’Hara BF, Osadchuk AV, Page GP, Paigen B, Paigen K, Palmer AA, Pan HJ, Peltonen-Palotie L, Peirce J, Pomp D, Pravenec M, Prows DR, Qi Z, Reeves RH, Roder J, Rosen GD, Schadt EE, Schalkwyk LC, Seltzer Z, Shimomura K, Shou S, Sillanpaa MJ, Siracusa LD, Snoeck HW, Spearow JL, Svenson K, Tarantino LM, Threadgill D, Toth LA, Valdar W, de Villena FP, Warden C, Whatley S, Williams RW, Wiltshire T, Yi N, Zhang D, Zhang M, Zou F (2004) The Collaborative Cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits. Nat Genet 36:1133–1137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collaborative Cross Consortium (2012) The genome architecture of the collaborative cross mouse genetic reference population. Genetics 190:389–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings SR, Bates D, Black DM (2002) Clinical use of bone densitometry: scientific review. JAMA 288:1889–1897

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farber CR, Rosen C (2010) Genetics of osteoporosis. In: Robertson RP (ed) Translational endocrinology & metabolism. The Endocrine Society, Chevy Chase, pp 87–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Farber CR, Bennett BJ, Orozco L, Zou W, Lira A, Kostem E, Kang HM, Furlotte N, Berberyan A, Ghazalpour A, Suwanwela J, Drake TA, Eskin E, Wang QT, Teitelbaum SL, Lusis AJ (2011) Mouse genome-wide association and systems genetics identify Asxl2 as a regulator of bone mineral density and osteoclastogenesis. PLoS Genet 7:e1002038

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flint J, Mackay TF (2009) Genetic architecture of quantitative traits in mice, flies, and humans. Genome Res 19:723–733

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flint J, Mott R (2008) Applying mouse complex-trait resources to behavioural genetics. Nature 456:724–727

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frazer KA, Eskin E, Kang HM, Bogue MA, Hinds DA, Beilharz EJ, Gupta RV, Montgomery J, Morenzoni MM, Nilsen GB, Pethiyagoda CL, Stuve LL, Johnson FM, Daly MJ, Wade CM, Cox DR (2007) A sequence-based variation map of 8.27 million SNPs in inbred mouse strains. Nature 448:1050–1053

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furlotte NA, Kang EY, Van Nas A, Farber CR, Lusis AJ, Eskin E (2012) Increasing association mapping power and resolution in mouse genetic studies through the use of meta-analysis for structured populations. Genetics 191(3):959–967

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazalpour A, Bennett B, Petyuk VA, Orozco L, Hagopian R, Mungrue IN, Farber CR, Sinsheimer J, Kang HM, Furlotte N, Park CC, Wen PZ, Brewer H, Weitz K, Camp DG 2nd, Pan C, Yordanova R, Neuhaus I, Tilford C, Siemers N, Gargalovic P, Eskin E, Kirchgessner T, Smith DJ, Smith RD, Lusis AJ (2011) Comparative analysis of proteome and transcriptome variation in mouse. PLoS Genet 7:e1001393

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregorova S, Divina P, Storchova R, Trachtulec Z, Fotopulosova V, Svenson KL, Donahue LR, Paigen B, Forejt J (2008) Mouse consomic strains: exploiting genetic divergence between Mus m. musculus and Mus m. domesticus subspecies. Genome Res 18:509–515

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grupe A, Germer S, Usuka J, Aud D, Belknap JK, Klein RF, Ahluwalia MK, Higuchi R, Peltz G (2001) In silico mapping of complex disease-related traits in mice. Science 292:1915–1918

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Y, Lu P, Farrell E, Zhang X, Weller P, Monshouwer M, Wang J, Liao G, Zhang Z, Hu S, Allard J, Shafer S, Usuka J, Peltz G (2007) In silico and in vitro pharmacogenetic analysis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17735–17740

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoover-Plow J, Shchurin A, Hart E, Sha J, Hill AE, Singer JB, Nadeau JH (2006) Genetic background determines response to hemostasis and thrombosis. BMC Blood Disord 6:6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang HM, Zaitlen NA, Wade CM, Kirby A, Heckerman D, Daly MJ, Eskin E (2008) Efficient control of population structure in model organism association mapping. Genetics 178:1709–1723

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keane TM, Goodstadt L, Danecek P, White MA, Wong K, Yalcin B, Heger A, Agam A, Slater G, Goodson M, Furlotte NA, Eskin E, Nellaker C, Whitley H, Cleak J, Janowitz D, Hernandez-Pliego P, Edwards A, Belgard TG, Oliver PL, McIntyre RE, Bhomra A, Nicod J, Gan X, Yuan W, van der Weyden L, Steward CA, Bala S, Stalker J, Mott R, Durbin R, Jackson IJ, Czechanski A, Guerra-Assuncao JA, Donahue LR, Reinholdt LG, Payseur BA, Ponting CP, Birney E, Flint J, Adams DJ (2011) Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation. Nature 477:289–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby A, Kang HM, Wade CM, Cotsapas C, Kostem E, Han B, Furlotte N, Kang EY, Rivas M, Bogue MA, Frazer KA, Johnson FM, Beilharz EJ, Cox DR, Eskin E, Daly MJ (2010) Fine mapping in 94 inbred mouse strains using a high-density haplotype resource. Genetics 185:1081–1095

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao G, Wang J, Guo J, Allard J, Cheng J, Ng A, Shafer S, Puech A, McPherson JD, Foernzler D, Peltz G, Usuka J (2004) In silico genetics: identification of a functional element regulating H2-Ealpha gene expression. Science 306:690–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu P, Vikis H, Lu Y, Wang D, You M (2007) Large-scale in silico mapping of complex quantitative traits in inbred mice. PLoS One 2:e651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manolio TA, Collins FS, Cox NJ, Goldstein DB, Hindorff LA, Hunter DJ, McCarthy MI, Ramos EM, Cardon LR, Chakravarti A, Cho JH, Guttmacher AE, Kong A, Kruglyak L, Mardis E, Rotimi CN, Slatkin M, Valle D, Whittemore AS, Boehnke M, Clark AG, Eichler EE, Gibson G, Haines JL, Mackay TF, McCarroll SA, Visscher PM (2009) Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature 461:747–753

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park CC, Gale GD, de Jong S, Ghazalpour A, Bennett BJ, Farber CR, Langfelder P, Lin A, Khan AH, Eskin E, Horvath S, Lusis AJ, Ophoff RA, Smith DJ (2011) Gene networks associated with conditional fear in mice identified using a systems genetics approach. BMC Syst Biol 5:43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters LL, Robledo RF, Bult CJ, Churchill GA, Paigen BJ, Svenson KL (2007) The mouse as a model for human biology: a resource guide for complex trait analysis. Nat Rev Genet 8:58–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pletcher MT, McClurg P, Batalov S, Su AI, Barnes SW, Lagler E, Korstanje R, Wang X, Nusskern D, Bogue MA, Mural RJ, Paigen B, Wiltshire T (2004) Use of a dense single nucleotide polymorphism map for in silico mapping in the mouse. PLoS Biol 2:e393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prows DR, Hafertepen AP, Winterberg AV, Gibbons WJ Jr, Wesselkamper SC, Singer JB, Hill AE, Nadeau JH, Leikauf GD (2008) Reciprocal congenic lines of mice capture the aliq1 effect on acute lung injury survival time. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 38:68–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer JB, Hill AE, Burrage LC, Olszens KR, Song J, Justice M, O’Brien WE, Conti DV, Witte JS, Lander ES, Nadeau JH (2004) Genetic dissection of complex traits with chromosome substitution strains of mice. Science 304:445–448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smolock EM, Ilyushkina IA, Ghazalpour A, Gerloff J, Murashev AN, Lusis AJ, Korshunov VA (2012) A genetic locus on mouse chromosome 7 controls elevated heart rate. Physiol Genomics 44(13):689–698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Styrkarsdottir U, Halldorsson BV, Gretarsdottir S, Gudbjartsson DF, Walters GB, Ingvarsson T, Jonsdottir T, Saemundsdottir J, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Bagger Y, Gulcher JR, Eisman JA, Christiansen C, Sigurdsson G, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K (2008) Multiple genetic loci for bone mineral density and fractures. N Engl J Med 358:2355–2365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takada T, Mita A, Maeno A, Sakai T, Shitara H, Kikkawa Y, Moriwaki K, Yonekawa H, Shiroishi T (2008) Mouse inter-subspecific consomic strains for genetic dissection of quantitative complex traits. Genome Res 18:500–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP (2003) Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function. Nat Rev Genet 4:638–649

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Threadgill DW, Churchill GA (2012) Ten years of the collaborative cross. G3 (Bethesda) 2:153–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdar W, Solberg LC, Gauguier D, Burnett S, Klenerman P, Cookson WO, Taylor MS, Rawlins JN, Mott R, Flint J (2006) Genome-wide genetic association of complex traits in heterogeneous stock mice. Nat Genet 38:879–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe CJ, Kohane IS, Butte AJ (2005) Systematic survey reveals general applicability of “guilt-by-association” within gene coexpression networks. BMC Bioinformatics 6:227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yalcin B, Nicod J, Bhomra A, Davidson S, Cleak J, Farinelli L, Osteras M, Whitley A, Yuan W, Gan X, Goodson M, Klenerman P, Satpathy A, Mathis D, Benoist C, Adams DJ, Mott R, Flint J (2010) Commercially available outbred mice for genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet 6(9):e1001085

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuk O, Hechter E, Sunyaev SR, Lander ES (2012) The mystery of missing heritability: genetic interactions create phantom heritability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:1193–1198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants NIAMS RO1 AR057759 (CRF) and NHLBI K99 HL102223 (BJB); the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards T32 HL69766 (CDR), T32-HL007895 (JW), NINDS R01 NS050148 and NIGMS R01 GM098273 (DJS), NHLBI RO1 HL098227 (RCL), NIDDK DP3 DK094311 (AJL, RCD, RCL), NIH RO1 GM095656 (MP), NIDDK RO1 DK072206 (TAD), RO1 DK080339 (STH), 5RO1 DC010856-02 (JDO, RAF), PO1 HL028481 (KR), and PO1 HL090553 (KR). EE was supported by National Science Foundation grants 0513612, 0731455, 0729049, 0916676, and 1065276, and NIH grants K25-HL080079, U01 DA024417, P01-HL30568, and PO1-HL28481. LDO was supported by USPHS National Research Service Award GM07104 and USPHS National Research Service Award T32-HG002536. This research was supported in part by the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, subcontract of contract N01-ES-45530 from the National Toxicology Program and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Perlegen Sciences (EE) and from the Russian Program #2011-1.5-501-006-024 (VAK) and NIH RO1 HL105623 (VAK).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Anatole Ghazalpour, Mete Civelek, Richard C. Davis, Simon T. Hui, Brian W. Parks & Aldons J. Lusis

  2. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Christoph D. Rau, James N. Weiss & Aldons J. Lusis

  3. Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Charles R. Farber

  4. Department of Genetics, and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Brian J. Bennett

  5. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Luz D. Orozco, Atila van Nas, Calvin Pan, Jong Wha Joo, Lisa J. Martin, Karen Reue, Jessica Wang, Eleazar Eskin & Aldons J. Lusis

  6. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Hooman Allayee

  7. Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Simon W. Beaven

  8. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Thomas A. Drake

  9. Department of Otology/Skull Base Surgery, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Rick A. Friedman

  10. Department of Computer Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Nick Furlotte, Emrah Kostem, Eun Yong Kang & Eleazar Eskin

  11. Department of Psychology & Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    J. David Jentsch

  12. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Hyun Min Kang

  13. Bioinformatics Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jong Wha Joo

  14. Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA

    Vyacheslav A. Korshunov

  15. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Rick E. Laughlin

  16. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jeffrey D. Ohmen

  17. Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Matteo Pellegrini

  18. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Desmond J. Smith

  19. Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Sotirios Tetradis

  20. Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Science, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Sotirios Tetradis & Aldons J. Lusis

  21. Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jessica Wang

  22. Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Yibin Wang

  23. Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Pennington, NJ, USA

    Todd Kirchgessner & Peter S. Gargalovic

  24. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109-4725, USA

    Renée C. LeBoeuf

Authors
  1. Anatole Ghazalpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christoph D. Rau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Charles R. Farber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Brian J. Bennett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Luz D. Orozco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Atila van Nas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Calvin Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hooman Allayee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Simon W. Beaven
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Mete Civelek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Richard C. Davis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Thomas A. Drake
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Rick A. Friedman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Nick Furlotte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Simon T. Hui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. J. David Jentsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Emrah Kostem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Hyun Min Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Eun Yong Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. Jong Wha Joo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. Vyacheslav A. Korshunov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. Rick E. Laughlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. Lisa J. Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  24. Jeffrey D. Ohmen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  25. Brian W. Parks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  26. Matteo Pellegrini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  27. Karen Reue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  28. Desmond J. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  29. Sotirios Tetradis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  30. Jessica Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  31. Yibin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  32. James N. Weiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  33. Todd Kirchgessner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  34. Peter S. Gargalovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  35. Eleazar Eskin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  36. Aldons J. Lusis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  37. Renée C. LeBoeuf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renée C. LeBoeuf.

Additional information

Anatole Ghazalpour, Christoph D. Rau, Charles R. Farber, Brian J. Bennett, Luz D. Orozco, and Atila van Nas contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ghazalpour, A., Rau, C.D., Farber, C.R. et al. Hybrid mouse diversity panel: a panel of inbred mouse strains suitable for analysis of complex genetic traits. Mamm Genome 23, 680–692 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-012-9411-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-012-9411-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation