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Biomass burning response to high-amplitude climate and vegetation changes in Southwestern France from the Last Glacial to the early Holocene

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Abstract

The main drivers of fire regimes in southern Europe are climate, vegetation and land-use changes that interact at different spatio-temporal scales. These complex interplays between “natural” and anthropogenic forcings hinder the identification of fire-climate linkages on the long time scale. In this paper, we focused on the Last Glacial–Holocene transition, which is the last time Europe experienced rapid warming of similar magnitude and rate of change as predicted for the future, and with minimal human impact (no agricultural activities). We derived fire activity from two neighbouring lacustrine macrocharcoal records, Ech paleolake and Lake Lourdes, located 3 km apart. To understand the effect of external forcings, we reconstructed summer T° changes and vegetation dynamics from two independent proxies. We then compared both paleofire records with chironomid-inferred summer air temperature reconstruction from Ech paleolake. We discuss the role of vegetation type, structure and biomass availability using pollen analysis from Ech paleolake and Lourdes. Fire activity is strongly modulated by summer T° oscillations as shown by the highly contrasted responses between the Oldest Dryas/Interstadial and Younger Dryas/Holocene transitions. However, vegetation type and biomass availability act as limiting factors: the slight increase in fire activity at the onset of the Interstadial is triggered by a 7 °C summer T° increase but remains limited by low availability of woody biomass in a steppe environment. On the contrary, the onset of the Holocene is characterised by a 2 °C summer T° increase and an unprecedented increase in fire activity, conditioned by the establishment of dense deciduous forests.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the ANPYR research program (FEDER/Western Pyrenees National Park) and the Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement (CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté). The authors express their sincere thanks to Michel Magny and Nicolas Valdeyron for helpful comments on the manuscript, and to Michael Coughlan for English editing.

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  1. Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, UFR ST, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, France

    Damien Rius, Elise Doyen, Laurent Millet & Boris Vannière

  2. Laboratoire GEODE, UMR 5602 CNRS, Université Toulouse II-le Mirail, 5 Allées Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse, France

    Damien Rius & Didier Galop

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  1. Damien Rius
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Correspondence to Damien Rius.

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Communicated by J.-L. de Beaulieu.

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Rius, D., Galop, D., Doyen, E. et al. Biomass burning response to high-amplitude climate and vegetation changes in Southwestern France from the Last Glacial to the early Holocene. Veget Hist Archaeobot 23, 729–742 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-013-0422-2

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