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Trophic interactions and food web structure of a subantarctic marine food web in the Beagle Channel: Bahía Lapataia, Argentina

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Abstract

Basic ecological knowledge regarding the importance of different sources of primary production and how it is transferred among consumer species is required to properly manage and conserve subpolar ecosystems that are particularly vulnerable to environmental changes. We used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analysis to establish a baseline of species interactions and food web structure for the nearshore marine community in Bahia Lapataia, Argentina, an ecosystem that faces many threats, including a recent invasion of exotic chinook salmon. Primary producers and other organic sources (e.g., particulate organic matter) available to the food web were isotopically distinct and had a wide range in δ13C (−31.3 to −5.3 ‰) and δ15N (−0.5 to 13.1 ‰) values. Consumers also showed a wide range of isotope values with mean δ13C and δ15N values ranging from −20.8 to −12.3 ‰ and from 10.5 to 19.6 ‰, respectively. A cluster analysis of these isotope data correctly identified functional groups and expected interactions among species based on independent information. Using Bayesian isotope mixing models, we estimated that the proportional contribution of benthic production, in particular through grazing and the consumption of detritus, was a more important source of energy for primary and secondary consumers than pelagic production. Using stable isotope analysis to continually monitor species interactions and food web structure may prove to be a valuable research and management tool for assessing ecological consequences of different threats in this and other subpolar ecosystems.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank to the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET) and Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego for institutional and economic support (PIP 0321-CONICET and APN projects). We also thank the Carnegie Institution of Washington and WM Keck Foundation for financial support for the isotopic analysis. We are indebted to Alicia Nizovoy (Algae), Mariano Diez, Gustavo Lovrich and Jessica Curelovich (Crustacea), Andres Averbuj and Sandra Gordillo (Gastropods) and Analía Pérez (Echinodermata) who provided their expertise on the identification or confirmation of different taxa analyzed. We especially thank to Mariela Victorio and Eliana González that provided helpful assistance in sample processing, and Daniel Aureliano and Sonia Rimbau during fieldwork. LR work has been supported under a postdoctoral fellowship from CONICET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    Luciana Riccialdelli & Daniel A. Fernández

  2. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Onas 450, V9410CAB, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    Luciana Riccialdelli & Daniel A. Fernández

  3. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Seth D. Newsome

  4. School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, 5200 Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Marilyn L. Fogel

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  1. Luciana Riccialdelli
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  2. Seth D. Newsome
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  3. Marilyn L. Fogel
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  4. Daniel A. Fernández
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Correspondence to Luciana Riccialdelli.

Electronic supplementary material

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Online Resource 1

Main inputs and feeding habits of the studied consumers based on the literature. (DOC 65 kb)

Online Resource 2

Mean (±SD) δ13C (A) and δ15N (B) values of consumers, primary producers, and organic matter collected in Bahía Lapataia, Argentina. Sample size is indicated in parenthesis. (EPS 4279 kb)

Online Resource 3

Food source modeling results via SIAR. The proportional contribution (%) of each source (prey) to a consumer is expressed as mean ± SD; 95% confidence intervals are reported in parentheses below mean values. We used Trophic Discrimination Factors (TDFs) of 1.5±2.0 ‰ for δ13C and 3.2±1.2 ‰ for δ15N; TDFs were not used in models M0-M2. Animal detritus was estimated as the mean δ13C and δ15N values of all the consumers studied. (DOC 91 kb)

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Riccialdelli, L., Newsome, S.D., Fogel, M.L. et al. Trophic interactions and food web structure of a subantarctic marine food web in the Beagle Channel: Bahía Lapataia, Argentina. Polar Biol 40, 807–821 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-2007-x

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