Abstract
Key message
An insert mutation of YELLOW - GREEN LEAF2 , encoding Heme Oxygenase 1 , results in significant reduction of its transcript levels, and therefore impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice.
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) in higher plants catalyzes the degradation of heme to synthesize phytochrome precursor and its roles conferring the photoperiodic control of flowering in rice have been revealed. However, its involvement in regulating rice chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis is not fully explored. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant named yellow-green leaf 2 (ygl2) from a 60Co-irradiated population. Normal grown ygl2 seedlings showed yellow-green leaves with reduced contents of Chl and tetrapyrrole intermediates whereas an increase of Chl a/b ratio. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrated grana were poorly stacked in ygl2 mutant, resulting in underdevelopment of chloroplasts. The ygl2 locus was mapped to chromosome 6 and isolated via map-based cloning. Sequence analysis indicated that it encodes the rice HO1 and its identity was verified by transgenic complementation test and RNA interference. A 7-Kb insertion was found in the first exon of YGL2/HO1, resulting in significant reduction of YGL2 expressions in the ygl2 mutant. YGL2 was constitutively expressed in a variety of rice tissues with the highest levels in leaves and regulated by temperature. In addition, we found expression levels of some genes associated with Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis were concurrently altered in ygl2 mutant. These results provide direct evidence that YGL2 has a vital function in rice Chl biosynthesis.
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Abbreviations
- ALA:
-
5-Aminolevulinate
- Proto IX:
-
Protoporphyrin IX
- Mg-Proto IX:
-
Mg-Protoporphyrin IX
- Pchlide:
-
Protochlorophyllide
- Chlide:
-
Chlorophyllide
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- RNAi:
-
RNA interference
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative RT-PCR
- ChlH Mg:
-
Chelatase H subunit
- ChlI:
-
Mg-chelatase I subunit
- ChlD:
-
Mg-chelatase D subunit
- PORA:
-
NADPH:Pchlide oxidoreductase
- CAO1:
-
Chlide A oxygenase1
- Cab1:
-
Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1
- Cab2:
-
Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2
- PsaA:
-
PSI P700 apoprotein A
- PsbA:
-
Photosystem II protein A
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Wenbiao Shen (Nanjing Agricultural University) for his help in Heme oxygenase activity. This research was supported by the grants from the 863 program of China (2011AA10A101, 2012AA101101). National Transform Science and Technology Program (2011ZX08001-004). Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program (BK2010016, BE2012303). Jiangsu Province Self-innovation Program (CX(12)1003) and Qing Lan Project.
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Communicated by Z.-Y. Wang.
H. Chen, Z. Cheng and X. Ma contributed equally to this work.
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Chen, H., Cheng, Z., Ma, X. et al. A knockdown mutation of YELLOW-GREEN LEAF2 blocks chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice. Plant Cell Rep 32, 1855–1867 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-013-1498-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-013-1498-y