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Somatic hybridization for citrus rootstock breeding: an effective tool to solve some important issues of the Mediterranean citrus industry

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Abstract

The prevalence of sour orange rootstock in the southern and eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin is presently threatened by the spread of Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) and its main vector Toxoptera citricida, combined with abiotic constraints such as drought, salinity and alkalinity. The search for alternative CTV-resistant rootstocks that also withstand the other constraints is now considered an urgent priority for a sustainable citrus industry in the area. Complementary progenitors can be found in citrus germplasm to combine the desired traits, particularly between Poncirus and Citrus genera. The production of somatic hybrids allows cumulating all dominant traits irrespective of their heterozygosity level, and would appear to be an effective way to solve the rootstock challenge facing the Mediterranean citrus industry. This paper presents the results obtained during a regional collaborative effort between five countries, to develop new rootstocks by somatic hybridization. New embryogenic callus lines to be used for somatic hybridization have been created. Protoplast fusions have been performed at CIRAD and IVIA laboratories, focusing on intergeneric combinations. Analysis of ploidy level by flow cytometry and molecular markers confirmed the acquisition of new interesting tetraploid somatic hybrids for six combinations. Diploid cybrids with intergeneric (Citrus × Poncirus) nucleus and C. reticulata or C. aurantifolia mitochondria were also identified for four combinations. The agronomical performance of a pre-existing somatic hybrid between Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus reticulata was validated in calcareous soils in Morocco. Somatic hybridization is now integrated into the breeding programs of the five Mediterranean countries.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the European Commission, under the FP6-2003-INCO-DEV-2 project CIBEWU (no. 015453).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UPR 75, Département BIOS, CIRAD, Av. Agropolis, TA A-75/02, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Dominique Dambier, Yann Froelicher, Bruno Printz, Raphael Morillon & Patrick Ollitrault

  2. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, BP 293, 14 000, Kenitra, Morocco

    Hamid Benyahia, Beniken Lhou & Najat Handaji

  3. Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, IVIA, Apartado Oficial, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain

    Giovanni Pensabene-Bellavia, Luis Navarro & Patrick Ollitrault

  4. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, 01330, Adana, Turkey

    Yildiz Aka Kaçar & Turgut Yesiloglu

  5. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Rue Hedi Karray, 2049, Ariana, Tunisia

    Zina Belfalah

Authors
  1. Dominique Dambier
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  2. Hamid Benyahia
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  3. Giovanni Pensabene-Bellavia
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  4. Yildiz Aka Kaçar
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  5. Yann Froelicher
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  6. Zina Belfalah
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  7. Beniken Lhou
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  8. Najat Handaji
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  9. Bruno Printz
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  10. Raphael Morillon
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  11. Turgut Yesiloglu
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  12. Luis Navarro
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  13. Patrick Ollitrault
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick Ollitrault.

Additional information

Communicated by R. Rose.

A contribution to the Special Issue: Plant Biotechnology in Support of the Millennium Development Goals.

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Dambier, D., Benyahia, H., Pensabene-Bellavia, G. et al. Somatic hybridization for citrus rootstock breeding: an effective tool to solve some important issues of the Mediterranean citrus industry. Plant Cell Rep 30, 883–900 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-1000-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-1000-z

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