Abstract
We here report the photosensitive nanocomposites as the new rapid prototyping materials. The nanocomposites are prepared using the properly surface-modified sepiolite nanofibers, graphene oxide, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles as the reinforcing fillers in the epoxy-based resin. These nanocomposites are investigated about the mechanical properties, viscosity and light absorption. By fitting the rheological test results into the Krieger-Dougherty equation, the influences of the different-shaped fillers on the material viscosity and the maximum packing fraction of the fillers are obtained. The extinction coefficients of the inorganic fillers are obtained using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are improved due to the surface-modified inorganic fillers. It is found that the as-prepared materials are appropriate for stereolithography and digital light processing, with which we succeed in fabricating the dental model of high dimensional accuracy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Giannatsis J, Deoussis V (2009) Additive fabrication technologies applied to medicine and health care: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 40:116–127
Wendel B, Rietzel D, Schmachtenberg E et al (2008) Additive processing of polymers. Macromol Mater Eng 293:799–809
Corcione CE, Striani R, Cannoletta D et al (2015) Organically modified montmorillonite polymer nanocomposites for stereolithography building process. Polym Adv Technol 26:92–98
Salmoria GV, Ahrens CH, Fredel M et al (2005) Stereolithography somos 7110 resin: mechanical behavior and fractography of parts post-cured by different methods. Polym Test 24:157–162
Chiu SH, Pong SH, Lin CH et al (2008) A study of photomask correction method in area-forming rapid prototyping system. Rapid prototyping J 14:285–292
Burdick JA, Peterson AJ, Anseth KS (2001) Conversion and temperature profiles during the photoinitiated polymerization of thick orthopaedic biomaterials. Biomaterials 22:1779–1786
Sandoval H, Wicker RB (2006) Functionalizing stereolithography resins: effects of dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes on physical properties. Rapid Prototyp J 12:292–303
Kumar S, Hofmann M, Weder C et al (2012) Reinforcement of stereolithographic resins for rapid prototyping with cellulose nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:5399–5407
Gurr M, Hofmann D, Mülhaupt R et al (2008) Acrylic nanocomposite resins for use in stereolithography and structural light modulation based rapid prototyping and Rapid manufacturing technologies. Adv Funct Mater 18:2390–2397
Duan Y, Zhou Y, Li D et al (2011) Nano-TiO2-modified photosensitive resin for RP. Rapid prototyping J 17:247–252
Ivanova OS, Williams CB, Campbell TA (2013) Additive manufacturing (AM) and nanotechnology: promises and challenges. Rapid Prototyp J 19:353–364
Azari A, Nikzad S (2009) The evolution of rapid prototyping in dentistry: a review. Rapid Prototyp J 15:216–225
Martin-Gallego M, Bernal MM, Lopez-Manchado MA et al (2013) Comparison of filler percolation and mechanical properties in graphene and carbon nanotubes filled epoxy nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 49:1347–1353
Kasgoz A, Akin D, Durmus A et al (2014) Effect of different types of carbon fillers on mechanical and rheological properties of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) composites. Compos B 66:126–135
Krieger IM, Dougherty TJ (1959) A mechanism for nonnewtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres. Trans Soc Rheol 3:137–152
Marini J, Branciforti MC, Lotti C (2010) Effect of matrix viscosity on the extent of exfoliation in EVA/organoclay nanocomposites. Polym Adv Technol 21:408–417
Sun L, Boo WJ, Bicerano J et al (2009) Effect of nanoplatelets on the rheological behavior of epoxy monomers. Macromol Mater Eng 294:103–113
Kaffashi B, Kaveh A, Jazani OM, Saeb MR (2012) Improving rheological properties of covalently MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites via surface re-modification. Polym Bull 68:2187–2197
Uematsu H, Aoki Y, Koyama K et al (2010) Rheology of SiO2/(acrylic polymer/epoxy) suspensions. I. Linear viscoelasticity. Rheol Acta 49:299–304
Romo-Uribe A, Arcos-Casarrubias JA, Flores A, Valerio-Cárdenas and González AE (2014) Influence of rubber on the curing kinetics of DGEBA epoxy and the effect on the morphology and hardness of the composites. Polym Bull 71:1241–1262
Chartier T, Hinczewski C, Corbel S (1999) UV curable systems for tape casting. J Eur Ceram Soc 19:67–74
Liu H, Mo J (2010) Study on Nanosilica Reinforced stereolithography resin. J Reinf Plast Compos 29:909–920
Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang Z et al (2016) Study of the glass transition temperature and the mechanical properties of PET/modified silica nanocomposite by molecular dynamics simulation. Eur Polym J 75:36–45
Li P, Zheng Y, Li M et al (2016) Enhanced toughness and glass transition temperature of epoxy nanocomposites filled with solvent-free liquid-like nanocrystal-functionalized graphene oxide. Mater Des 89:653–659
Pedrazzoli D, Tuba F, Karger-Kocsis J et al (2014) Mechanical and rheological response of polypropylene/boehmite nanocomposites. J Reinf Plast Compos 33:252–265
Yao XF, Yeh HY, Zhou D, Zhang YH (2006) The structural characterization and properties of SiO2–epoxy nanocomposites. J Compos Mater 40:371–381
Boon MS, Mariatti M (2014) Silane treatment of magnetite filler and its effect on the properties of magnetite-filled epoxy thin-film composites. Polym Bull 71:3333–3346
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by The Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China. [Grant numbers 13DZ1108900, 13DZ1108904].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, L., Ni, X. The effect of the inorganic nanomaterials on the UV-absorption, rheological and mechanical properties of the rapid prototyping epoxy-based composites. Polym. Bull. 74, 2063–2079 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1825-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1825-x