Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation method and physical, mechanical, thermal characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) blends

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A series of blends of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PVA/PAA) were prepared by solution mixing and casting. Glycerol was used as plasticizer. The blends were characterized for their physicochemical and thermo-mechanical properties. The FTIR results revealed the molecular level interaction between PVA and PAA at all blend ratios. The incorporation of PAA significantly reduced the storage modulus of PVA at a given temperature. PVA gradually lost its crystalline character with the increase of PAA and became fully amorphous when the PAA content in the blend exceeded 50 wt%. The kinetic parameters of the semi-crystalline blends were determined using the Avarami–Erofeev model, which showed excellent fitting with the experimental data from DSC. The loss in crystallinity of PVA also contributed to an increase in swelling of the blend when the PAA content is increased. The morphology study by FE-SEM demonstrated that there is no phase separation among the blend components at all blend ratios.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Scheme 1
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. IHS (2007) IHS chemical economics handbook, (polyvinyl alcohol). IHS, Englewood, USA

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baker MI, Walsh SP, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD (2012) A review of polyvinyl alcohol and its uses in cartilage and orthopedic applications. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 100B:1451–1457. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.32694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gupta B, Anjum S, Ikram S (2013) Characterization and physiochemical studies of crosslinked thiolated polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. Polym Bull 70:2709–2725. doi:10.1007/s00289-013-0982-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kawai F, Hu X (2009) Biochemistry of microbial polyvinyl alcohol degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 84:227–237. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2113-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tang X, Alavi S (2011) Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability. Carbohydr Polym 85:7–16. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Santos C, Silva CJ, Buettel Z, Guimaraes R, Pereira SB, Tamagnini P, Zille A (2014) Preparation and characterization of polysaccharides/PVA blend nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning method. Carbohydr Polym 99:584–592. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Singh R, Kulkarni SG, Shrikant S, Channe (2013) Thermal and mechanical properties of nano-titanium dioxide-doped polyvinyl alcohol. Polym Bull 70:1251–1264. doi:10.1007/s00289-012-0846-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhu Y, Hu J, Wang J (2014) Removal of Co2+ from radioactive wastewater by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan magnetic composite. Prog Nucl Energy 71:172–178. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.12.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jabbari E, Nozari S (2000) Swelling behavior of acrylic acid hydrogels prepared by gamma-radiation crosslinking of polyacrylic acid in aqueous solution. Eur Polym J 36:2685–2692. doi:10.1016/S0014-3057(00)00044-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gao X, He C, Xiao C, Zhuang X, Chen X (2013) Biodegradable ph-responsive polyacrylic acid derivative hydrogels with tunable swelling behavior for oral delivery of insulin. Polymer 54:1786–1793. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Khutoryanskiy VV, Cascone MG, Lazzeri L, Nurkeeva ZS, Mun GA, Mangazbaeva RA (2003) Phase behaviour of methylcellulose–poly(acrylic acid) blends and preparation of related hydrophilic films. Polym Int 52:62–67. doi:10.1002/pi.1004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Alkan C, Guenther E, Hiebler S, Himpel M (2012) Complexing blends of polyacrylic acid–polyethylene glycol and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)–polyethylene glycol as shape stabilized phase change materials. Energy Convers Manag 64:364–370. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2012.06.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang XQ, Takegoshi K, Hikichi K (1992) Phase-separation and thermal-degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(acrylic acid) systems by c-13 cp/MAS NMR. Polymer 33:718–724. doi:10.1016/0032-3861(92)90327-S

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen Q, Kurosu H, Ma L, Matsuo M (2002) Elongation-induced phase separation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic-acid) blends as studied by c-13 cp/mas NMR and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Polymer 43:1203–1206. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00690-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Quintero SMM, Ponce RVF, Cremona M, Triques ALC, d’Almeida AR, Braga AMB (2010) Swelling and morphological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogels in solution with high salt concentration. Polymer 51:953–958. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.12.016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rhim JW, Lee SW, Kim YK (2002) Pervaporation separation of water-ethanol mixtures using metal-ion-exchanged poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 85:1867–1873. doi:10.1002/app.10735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rhim JW, Sohn MY, Lee KH (1994) Pervaporation separation of binary organic aqueous liquid-mixtures using cross-linked PVA membranes 2. Phenol water mixtures. J Appl Polym Sci 52:1217–1222. doi:10.1002/app.1994.070520906

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gudeman LF, Peppas NA (1995) pH-sensitive membranes from poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating networks. J Membr Sci 107:239–248. doi:10.1016/0376-7388(95)00120-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ayesh AI, Qadri S, Baboo VJ, Haik MY, Haik Y (2013) Nano-floating gate organic memory devices utilizing Ag–Cu nanoparticles embedded in PVA–PAA–glycerol polymer. Synth Met 183:24–28. doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.09.018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim DS, Park HB, Rhim JW, Lee YM (2005) Proton conductivity and methanol transport behavior of cross-linked PVA/PAA/silica hybrid membranes. Solid State Ionics 176:117–126. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2004.07.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gudeman LF, Peppas NA (1995) Preparation and characterization of pH-sensitive, interpenetrating networks of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 55:919–928. doi:10.1002/app.1995.070550610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hickey AS, Peppas NA (1997) Solute diffusion in poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) composite membranes prepared by freezing/thawing techniques. Polymer 38:5931–5936. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00163-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Peppas NA, Wright SL (1998) Drug diffusion and binding in ionizable interpenetrating networks from poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 46:15–29. doi:10.1016/S0939-6411(97)00113-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Peppas NA, Tennenhouse D (2004) Semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) films and their blends with poly(acrylic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) for drug delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Tech 14:291–297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Nishio Y, Haratani T, Takahashi T, Manley RS (1989) Cellulose-poly(vinyl alcohol) blends—an estimation of thermodynamic polymer–polymer interaction by melting-point depression analysis. Macromol 22:2547–2549. doi:10.1021/ma00195a097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Atiqullah M, Hussain I, Al-Harbi A, Fazal A, Hossaen A (2012) Crystallization kinetics of ethylene homopolymers: a new perspective from residual catalyst and resin molecular weight. J Polym Res 19:1–13. doi:10.1007/s10965-011-9797-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Daniliuc L, Dekesel C, David C (1992) Intermolecular interactions in blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) with poly(acrylic acid) 1. FTIR and DSC studies. Eur Polym J 28:1365–1371. doi:10.1016/0014-3057(92)90277-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Manavi-Tehrani I, Rabiee M, Parviz M, Tahriri MR, Fahimi Z (2010) Preparation, characterization and controlled release investigation of biocompatible pH-sensitive PVA/PAA hydrogels. Macromol Symp 296:457–465. doi:10.1002/masy.201051062

  29. Ping ZH, Nguyen QT, Neel J (1989) Investigations of polyvinyl-alcohol) poly(n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) blends: 1. Compat Makromolekulare Chemie—Macromol Chem Phys 190:437–448. doi:10.1002/macp.1989.021900222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Herrera-Kao W, Aguilar-Vega M (1999) Storage modulus changes with temperature in poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), blends. Polym Bull 42:449–456. doi:10.1007/s002890050488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Atiqullah M, Hossain MM, Kamal MS, Al-Harthi MA, Khan MJ, Hossaen A, Hussain I (2013) Crystallization kinetics of PE-β-isotactic PMMA diblock copolymer synthesized using SiMe2(Ind)2ZrMe2 and MAO co-catalyst. AIChE J 59:200–214. doi:10.1002/aic.13806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lee KJ, Lee J, Hong J-Y, Jang J (2009) Influence of amorphous polymer nanoparticles on the crystallization behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. Macromol Res 17:476–482. doi:10.1007/BF03218895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Probst O, Moore EM, Resasco DE, Grady BP (2004) Nucleation of polyvinyl alcohol crystallization by single-walled carbon nanotubes. Polymer 45:4437–4443. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Elliott JE, Macdonald M, Nie J, Bowman CN (2004) Structure and swelling of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: effect of ph, ionic strength, and dilution on the crosslinked polymer structure. Polymer 45:1503–1510. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals for financial assistance through project number DSR IN121016.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5050, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Jobin Jose, Farrukh Shehzad & Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi

  2. Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (CoRE-PRP), Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi

Authors
  1. Jobin Jose
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Farrukh Shehzad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jose, J., Shehzad, F. & Al-Harthi, M.A. Preparation method and physical, mechanical, thermal characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) blends. Polym. Bull. 71, 2787–2802 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1221-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1221-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation