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The cross-talk between opportunistic fungi and the mammalian host via microbiota’s metabolism

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Abstract

An increased understanding of the importance of microbiota in shaping the host’s immune and metabolic activities has rendered fungal interactions with their hosts more complex than previously appreciated. It is now clear that a three-way interaction between host, fungi, and microbiota dictates the types of host–fungus relationship. Indeed, microbial dysbiosis predisposes to a variety of chronic fungal infections and diseases at local and distant sites. By correlating changes in metabolite profiles with microbiota metagenomic composition, we have defined a functional node whereby certain bacteria species contribute to host–fungal symbiosis and mucosal homeostasis. A tryptophan catabolic pathway is exploited by commensal lactobacilli and the mammalian host to increase fitness in response to Candida albicans by inducing resistance and tolerance mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Much like lactobacilli in the gut, Firmicutes change significantly in the airways during aspergillosis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor has a pivotal role in connecting tryptophan catabolism by microbial communities and the host’s own pathway of tryptophan degradation through the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. These data suggest that the study of the human microbiota in the trans-omics era, with a focus on metagenomics and metabonomics, is providing novel insights into the regulation of host immune responsiveness to fungi.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the ERC-2011-AdG-293714 to L. Romani. We thank Drs. Cristina Massi Benedetti for the editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, 06132, Perugia, Italy

    Luigina Romani, Teresa Zelante, Melissa Palmieri, Valerio Napolioni, Matteo Picciolini & Paolo Puccetti

  2. Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Andrea Velardi

  3. Department of Hematology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

    Franco Aversa

Authors
  1. Luigina Romani
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  2. Teresa Zelante
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  3. Melissa Palmieri
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  4. Valerio Napolioni
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  5. Matteo Picciolini
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  6. Andrea Velardi
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  7. Franco Aversa
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  8. Paolo Puccetti
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Correspondence to Luigina Romani.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Immunopathology of Fungal Diseases - Guest Editor: Jean-Paul Latge

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Romani, L., Zelante, T., Palmieri, M. et al. The cross-talk between opportunistic fungi and the mammalian host via microbiota’s metabolism. Semin Immunopathol 37, 163–171 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0464-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0464-2

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