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Immune response and immunopathology during toxoplasmosis

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Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance that is able to infect any warm-blooded vertebrate host. In addition to its importance to public health, several inherent features of the biology of T. gondii have made it an important model organism to study host–pathogen interactions. One factor is the genetic tractability of the parasite, which allows studies on the microbial factors that affect virulence and allows the development of tools that facilitate immune studies. Additionally, mice are natural hosts for T. gondii, and the availability of numerous reagents to study the murine immune system makes this an ideal experimental system to understand the functions of cytokines and effector mechanisms involved in immunity to intracellular microorganisms. In this article, we will review current knowledge of the innate and adaptive immune responses required for resistance to toxoplasmosis, the events that lead to the development of immunopathology, and the natural regulatory mechanisms that limit excessive inflammation during this infection.

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Acknowledgments

This work was made possible by funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the following grants from the National Institute of Health: R01-AI-41158 (CAH), R01-AI-42334 (CAH), and T32-AI007532 (CDD). We also thank Alan J. Dupont for his critical reading of our manuscript.

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  1. Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 380 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Christopher D. Dupont, David A. Christian & Christopher A. Hunter

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  1. Christopher D. Dupont
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Correspondence to Christopher A. Hunter.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Immunoparasitology - Guest Editor: Miguel Stadecker

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Dupont, C.D., Christian, D.A. & Hunter, C.A. Immune response and immunopathology during toxoplasmosis. Semin Immunopathol 34, 793–813 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-012-0339-3

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