Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Can Artificial Ecosystems Enhance Local Biodiversity? The Case of a Constructed Wetland in a Mediterranean Urban Context

  • Published:
Environmental Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CW) are considered a successful tool to treat wastewater in many countries: their success is mainly assessed observing the rate of pollution reduction, but CW can also contribute to the conservation of ecosystem services. Among the many ecosystem services provided, the biodiversity of CW has received less attention. The EcoSistema Filtro (ESF) of the Molentargius-Saline Regional Natural Park is a constructed wetland situated in Sardinia (Italy), built to filter treated wastewater, increase habitat diversity, and enhance local biodiversity. A floristic survey has been carried out yearly 1 year after the construction of the artificial ecosystem in 2004, observing the modification of the vascular flora composition in time. The flora of the ESF accounted for 54 % of the whole Regional Park’s flora; alien species amount to 12 %; taxa of conservation concern are 6 %. Comparing the data in the years, except for the biennium 2006/2007, we observed a continuous increase of species richness, together with an increase of endemics, species of conservation concern, and alien species too. Once the endemics appeared, they remained part of the flora, showing a good persistence in the artificial wetland. Included in a natural park, but trapped in a sprawling and fast growing urban context, this artificial ecosystem provides multiple uses, by preserving and enhancing biodiversity. This is particularly relevant considering that biodiversity can act as a driver of sustainable development in urban areas where most of the world’s population lives and comes into direct contact with nature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot J Linn Soc 161:105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arrigoni PV (2005) Note floristiche e tassonomiche sulla Flora della Sardegna. Parlatorea 7:17–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrigoni PV, Diana S (1985) Le piante endemiche della Sardegna. 171: Limonium dubium (Andr. ex Guss.) R. Lit. Bollettino della Società Sarda di Scienze Naturali 24:289–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrigoni PV, Diana S (1991) Le piante endemiche della Sardegna. 200: Limonium retirameum Greuter et Burdet. Bollettino della Società Sarda di Scienze Naturali 28:317–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrigoni PV, Camarda I, Corrias B, Diana S, Nardi E, Raffaelli M, Valsecchi F. (1977-1991) Le piante endemiche della Sardegna: 1-202. Bollettino della Società Sarda di Scienze Naturali 16–28

  • Bacchetta G, Pontecorvo C (2005) Contribution to the knowledge of the endemic vascular flora of Iglesiente (SW Sardinia—Italy). Candollea 60:481–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacchetta G, Mandis G, Pontecorvo C (2007) Contribution to the knowledge of the endemic vascular flora of Sulcis (SW Sardinia—Italy). Bocconea 21:155–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacchetta G, Mayoral O, Podda L (2009) Catálogo de la flora exótica de la isla de Cerdeña (Italia). Flora Montiberica 41:35–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacchetta G, Dettori CA, Mascia F, Meloni F, Podda L (2010) Assessing the potential invasiveness of Cortaderia selloana in Sardinian wetlands through seed germination study. Plant Biosyst 144(3):518–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balkiz Ö, Béchet A, Rouan L, Choquet R, Germain C, Amat JA, Rendòn-Martos M, Baccetti N, Nissardi S, Özesmi U, Pradel R (2010) Experience-dependent natal philopatry of breeding greater flamingos. J Anim Ecol 79:1045–1056. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01721.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banfi E, Galasso G, Soldano A (2005) Notes on systematics and taxonomy for the Italian vascular flora. Atti Società italiana Scienze naturali. Museo civico Storia Naturale Milano 146(2):219–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbera AC, Borin M, Cirelli GL, Toscano A, Maucieri C (2014) Comparison of carbon balance in Mediterranean pilot constructed wetlands vegetated with different C4 plant species. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2870-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartomeus I, Sol D, Pino J, Vicente P, Font X (2012) Deconstructing the native-exotic richness relationship in plants: native-exotic richness relationship. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21:524–533. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00708.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blasi C, Marignani M, Copiz R, Fipaldini M, Bonacquisti S, Del Vico E, Rosati L, Zavattero L (2011) Important plant areas in Italy: from data to mapping. Biol Conserv 144:220–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brullo S (1988) Miscellaneous notes on the genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae). Willdenowia 17:11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Brummitt RK, Powell CE (eds) (1992) Authors of plant names. R Bot Gard, Kew

    Google Scholar 

  • Brundu G, Camarda I, Satta V (2003) A methodological approach for mapping alien plants in Sardinia (Italy). In: Child LE, Brock JH, Brundu G, Prach K, Pyŝek P, Wade PM, Williamson M (eds) Plant invasions: ecological threats and management solutions. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, pp 41–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Camarda I (1980) Le piante endemiche della Sardegna. 70: Stachys glutinosa L. Bollettino della Società Sarda di Scienze Naturali 19:261–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Camarda I, Carta L, Manca M, Brundu G (2010) Sardegna. In: Celesti-Grapow L, Pretto F, Carli E, Blasi C (eds) Flora vascolare alloctona e invasiva delle regioni d’Italia. Casa Editrice Univ. La Sapienza, Roma, pp 149–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Canu S, Rosati L, Fiori M, Motroni A, Filigheddu R, Farris E (2015) Bioclimates of Sardinia (Italy). J Maps 11(5):711–718. doi:10.1080/17445647.2014.988187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capotorti G, Del Vico E, Lattanzi E, Tilia A, Celesti-Grapow L (2013) Exploring biodiversity in a metropolitan area in the Mediterranean region: the urban and suburban flora of Rome (Italy). Plant Biosyst 147:174–185. doi:10.1080/11263504.2013.771715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Celesti-Grapow L, Alessandrini A, Arrigoni PV, Banfi E, Bernardo L, Bovio M, Brundu G, Cagiotti MR, Camarda I, Carli E, Conti F, Fascetti S, Galasso G, Gubellini L, La Valva V, Lucchese F, Marchiori S, Mazzola P, Peccenini S, Poldini L, Pretto F, Prosser F, Siniscalco C, Villani MC, Viegi L, Wilhalm T, Blasi C (2009) Inventory of non-native flora of Italy. Plant Biosyst 143(2):386–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Celesti-Grapow L, Alessandrini A, Arrigoni PV, Assini S, Banfi E, Barni E, Bovio M, Brundu G, Cagiotti MR, Camarda I, Carli E, Conti F, Del Guacchio E, Domina G, Fascetti S, Galasso G, Gubellini L, Lucchese F, Medagli P, Passalacqua NG, Peccenini S, Poldini L, Pretto F, Prosser F, Vidali M, Viegi L, Villani MC, Wilhalm T, Blasi C (2010) Non-native flora of Italy: species distribution and threats. Plant Biosyst 144(1):12–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chase MW, Reveal JL (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany. APG III. Bot J Linn Soc 161(2):122–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Manzi A, Pedrotti F (1992) Libro rosso delle piante d’Italia. Ministero dell’ambiente, WWF Italia, Società Botanica Italiana, Roma 637 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Manzi A, Pedrotti F (1997) Liste rosse regionali delle piante d’Italia. WWF Italia, Società Botanica Italiana, Camerino 139 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Abbate G, Alessandrini A, Blasi C (2005) An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. Palombi Editori, Roma 420 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Alessandrini A, Bacchetta G, Banfi E, Barberis G, Bartolucci F, Bernardo L, Bonacquisti S, Bouvet D, Bovio M, Brusa G, Del Guacchio E, Foggi B, Frattini S, Galasso G, Gallo L, Gangale C, Gottschlich G, Grünanger P, Gubellini L, Iiriti G, Lucarini D, Marchetti D, Moraldo B, Peruzzi L, Poldini L, Prosser F, Raffaelli M, Santangelo A, Scassellati E, Scortegagna S, Selvi F, Soldano A, Tinti D, Ubaldi D, Uzunov D, Vidali M (2007) Integrazioni alla checklist della flora vascolare italiana. Nat Vicentina 10(2006):5–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Costalonga S (2012) Notulae alla flora esotica d’Italia, 6: 141-142. Informatore Botanico Italiano 42(2):400

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane P, Kinzig A (2005) Nature in the metropolis. Science 308:1225–1225. doi:10.1126/science.1114165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuccuini P (2002) Il genere Parapholis C.E. Hubbard (Poaceae) in Italia. Note tassonomiche e palinologiche. Webbia 57(1):7–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Martis G (2008) Parco Naturale Regionale Molentargius-Saline. Flora: stato attuale e confronto con le situazioni preesistenti. PhD dissertation, University of Cagliari 227 pp

  • De Martis G (2011) The Regional Natural Park of Molentargius-Saline: guide to the flora. Coedisar, Cagliari 223 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • De Martis G, Atzeni A (2009) Biodiversity in the Regional Park of Molentargius-Saline. In: Abis E (ed) Sustainable planning: landscape, environment, energy. The Cagliari Metropolitan Area case study. Atti Convegno Future MAC09. Gangemi Editore spa, Roma, pp 97–101

    Google Scholar 

  • De Martis G, Mulas B (2008) La flora del Parco Naturale Regionale Molentargius-Saline: stato attuale e confronto con le situazioni preesistenti. Rendiconti del Seminario della Facoltà di Scienze dell’Università di Cagliari 78(2):1–123

    Google Scholar 

  • De Martis B, Loi MC, Polo MB (1984) Il genere “Tamarix” (Tamaricaceae) in Sardegna. Webbia 37(2):211–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domènech R. (2005) Cortaderia selloana invasion in the Mediterranea region: Invasiveness and ecosystem invasibility. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, p 161

  • Fuentes-Bazan S, Uotila P, Borsch T (2012) A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). Willdenowia 42:5–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Álvarez A, van Leeuwen CHA, Luque CJ, Hussner A, Vélez-Martín A, Pérez-Vázquez A, Green AJ, Castellanos EM (2015) Internal transport of alien and native plants by geese and ducks: an experimental study. Freshw Biol 60:1316–1329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green AJ, Elmberg J (2014) Ecosystem services provided by waterbirds. Biol Rev 89:105–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greuter W, Raus T (2007) Med-Checklist Notulae, 25. Willdenowia 37(1):205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greuter W, von Raabe-Straube E (2008) Med-Checklist, 2.—Dicotiledones (Compositae). Palermo, Genève & Berlin—OPTIMA

  • Greuter W, Burdet HM, Long G (1984–1989) Med-Checklist 1-3-4. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Géneve

  • Greuter W, Mc. Neill J, Barrie FR, Burdet HM, Demoulin V, Filgueiras TS, Nicolson DH, Silva PC, Skog JE, Trehane P, Turland NJ, Hawksworth DL (eds.) (2000) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (St. Louis Code). Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein

  • Greuter W, Gutermann W, Talavera S (2006) A preliminary conspectus of Scorzoneroides (Compositae, Cichorieae) with validation of the required new names. Willdenowia 36:689–692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guittonny-Philippe A, Masotti V, Höhener P, Boudenne J-L, Viglione J, Laffont-Schwob I (2014) Constructed wetlands to reduce metal pollution from industrial catchments in aquatic Mediterranean ecosystems: a review to overcome obstacles and suggest potential solutions. Environ Int 64:1–16. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guittonny-Philippe A, Petit M-E, Masotti V, Monnier Y, Malleret L, Coulomb B, Combroux I, Baumberger T, Viglione J, Laffont-Schwob I (2015) Selection of wild macrophytes for use in constructed wetlands for phytoremediation of contaminant mixtures. J Environ Manage 147:108–123. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haston E, Richardson JE, Stevens PE, Chase MW, Harris DJ (2007) A linear sequence of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II families. Taxon 56(3):7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Haston E, Richardson JE, Stevens PE, Chase MW, Harris DJ (2009) The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III. Bot J Linn Soc 161:128–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera Gallastegui M, Campos Prieto JA (2006) El carrizo de la pampa (Cortaderia selloana) en Bizkaia. Guía práctica para su control, Laboratorio de Botánica Dpto Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Bilbao 43 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu CB, Hsieh HL, Yang L, Wu SH, Chang JS, Hsiao SC, Su HC, Yeh CH, Ho YS, Lin HJ (2011) Biodiversity of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng 37:1533–1545. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iamonico, D. (2008) Nuove segnalazioni di Chenopodium album L. subsp. album per l’Italia e considerazioni di carattere morfologico. Archivio Geobotanico 11(1-2)(2005): 87–90

  • Iamonico D (2009a) Notulae Nomenclaturali alla Checklist della Flora vascolare Italiana 8: 1621. Informatore Botanico Italiano 41(2):358

    Google Scholar 

  • Iamonico D (2009b) I generi Chenopodium e Dysphania in Italia (Amaranthaceae). Stato attuale delle conoscenze. In: Peccenini S, Domina G (Eds) Gruppi critici della Flora d’Italia. Univ. Roma Sapienza, Dip. Biol. Amb., Roma, 2009, pp. 13–14

  • Iamonico D (2012) Notulae Nomenclaturali alla Checklist della Flora vascolare Italiana, 14: 1956. Informatore Botanico Italiano 44(2):398–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Iamonico D (2013) Chenopodium sensu lato (Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodioideae) nella flora vascolare italiana: chiave analitica dei generi. Informatore Botanico Italiano 45(1):83–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Iberite M (1996) Contribution to knowledge of the genus Salicornia L. (Chenopodiaceae) in Italy. Annali Di Botanica (Roma) 54:145–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Iberite M (2004) Le salicornie: metodologie di indagine e problematiche tassonomiche. Informatore Botanico Italiano 36(2):508–511

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland (Switzerland) and Cambridge (U.K.) p 30

  • IUCN (2010) The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K. http://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed 1 Dec 2014

  • Kayranli B, Scholz M, Mustafa A, Hedmark Å (2010) Carbon storage and fluxes within freshwater wetlands: a critical review. Wetlands 30:111–124. doi:10.1007/s13157-009-0003-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney MA, Fickbohm S, Zhu W (2013) Loss of plant biodiversity over a seven-year period in two constructed wetlands in central New York. Environ Manage 51:1067–1076. doi:10.1007/s00267-013-0035-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Köcke AV, von Mering S, Mucina L, Kadereit JW (2010) Revision of the Mediterranean and Southern African Triglochin bulbosa complex (Juncaginaceae). Edinb J Bot 67:353–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mander T, Dotro G, Ebie Y, Towprayoon S, Chiemchaisri C, Nogueira SF, Jamsranjav B, Kasak K, Truu J, Tournebize J, Mitsch WJ (2014) Greenhouse gas emission in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: a review. Ecol Eng 66:19–35. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manns U, Anderberg AA (2009) New combinations and names in Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) for species of Anagallis, Pelletiera and Trientalis. Willdenowia 39(1):49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marignani M, Bacchetta G, Bagella S, Caria MC, Delogu F, Farris E, Fenu G, Filigheddu R, Blasi C (2014) Is time on our side? Strengthening the link between field efforts and conservation needs. Biodivers Conserv 23(2):421–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masi F, Martinuzzi N (2007) Constructed wetlands for the Mediterranean countries: hybrid systems for water reuse and sustainable sanitation. Desalination 215:44–55. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.11.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masi F, Bendoricchio G, Conte G, Garuti G, Innocenti A, Franco D, Pietrelli L, Pineschi G, Pucci B, Romagnolli F (2000) Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Italy: State-of-the-art and obtained results. In: Proceedings of the 7th IWA international conference on wetland systems for water pollution control, Orlando. pp. 979–985

  • Mulas B, Orrù G, De Martis G (2008) Notulae alla checklist della Flora vascolare italiana 6: 1496. Informatore Botanico Italiano 40(2):256

    Google Scholar 

  • Peruzzi L (2010a) Notulae alla checklist della Flora vascolare italiana: 9: 1675-1677. Informatore Botanico Italiano 42(1):383–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Peruzzi L (2010b) Checklist dei generi e delle famiglie della flora vascolare italiana. Informatore Botanico Italiano 42(1):151–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Peruzzi L, Conti F, Bartolucci F (2014) An inventory of vascular plants endemic to Italy. Phytotaxa 168:1–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatti S (1982) Flora d’Italia. 1-3. Edagricole Ed., Bologna

  • Pignatti S, Menegoni P, Giacanelli V (eds) (2001) Liste rosse e blu della flora italiana. A.N.P.A. Stato dll’ambiente 1. Alcagraf, Roma, 306 CD-Rom

  • Podda L, Lazzei V, Mascia F, Mayoral O, Bacchetta G (2012a) The Checklist of the Sardinian Alien Flora: an update. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40(2):14–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Podda L, Lazzei V, Mascia F, Mayoral O, Bacchetta G. (2012b) The checklist of the Sardinian Alien Flora: an update. Annex I. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40(2)

  • Rossi G, Montagnani C, Abeli T, Gargano D, Peruzzi L, Fenu G, Magrini S, Gennai M, Foggi B, Wagensommer RP et al (2014) Are red lists really useful for plant conservation? The new red list of the Italian flora in the perspective of National Conservation policies. Plant Biosyst 148(2):187–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau DPL, Lesage E, Story A, Vanrolleghem PA, De Pauw N (2008) Constructed wetlands for water reclamation. Desalination 218:181–189. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.09.034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salvati L, Morelli V (2014) Unveiling urban sprawl in the mediterranean region: towards a latent urban transformation? Int J Urban Reg Res 38:1935–1953. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz M, Harrington R, Carroll P, Mustafa A (2007) The integrated constructed wetlands (ICW) concept. Wetlands 27:337–354. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[337:TICWIC]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scoppola A, Spampinato G (2005) Atlante delle specie a rischio di estinzione. CD-ROM. In: Scoppola A, Blasi C (eds). Stato delle conoscenze della flora vascolare d’Italia. Palombi Editori, Roma

  • Shelef O, Gross A, Rachmilevitch S (2013) Role of plants in a constructed wetland: current and new perspectives. Water 5:405–419. doi:10.3390/w5020405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, P.F. (2008) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since]. www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/AP

  • Tutin TG, Burges NA, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA (1964–1980) Flora Europaea. 1-5. Cambridge, University Press

  • Tutin TG, Burges NA, Chater AO, Edmondson GR, Heywood WH, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA (1993) Flora Europaea. 1. Cambridge, University Press

  • Urbani M, Becca G, Ledda MG (2007) Notes on systematics and chorology of Asparagus L. in Sardinia (Italy). Bocconea 21:267–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdés B, Scholz H (2006) The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae—a generic synopsis and some new names. Willdenowia 36(2):657–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valsecchi F (1980) Le piante endemiche della Sardegna. 83: Euphorbia cupanii Guss. ex Bertol. Bollettino della Società Sarda di Scienze Naturali 19:336–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Vymazal J (2010) Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Water 2:530–549. doi:10.3390/w2030530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White SA, Taylor MD, Damrel DZ (2012) Floral colonization of a free-water surface constructed wetland system in grady county, Georgia. Castanea 77:159–171. doi:10.2179/11-045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang DQ, Jinadasa KBSN, Gersberg RM, Liu Y, Ng WJ, Tan SK (2014) Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in developing countries—a review of recent developments (2000–2013). J Environ Manage 141:116–131. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhi W, Ji G (2012) Constructed wetlands, 1991–2011: a review of research development, current trends, and future directions. Sci Total Environ 441:19–27. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoppi C, Lai S (2014) Land-taking processes: an interpretive study concerning an Italian region. Land Use Policy 36:369–380. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank two anonymous referees for improving the first draft of the manuscript. One of authors (V. M.) gratefully acknowledges Sardinia Regional Government for the financial support (research grant cofinanced by POR Sardegna FSE 2007-2013 L.R.7/2007 “Promozione della ricerca scientifica e dell’innovazione tecnologica in Sardegna”).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Via Arcuentu 2/A, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy

    Gabriele De Martis

  2. DISVA, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Bonaria Mulas & Michela Marignani

  3. CINSA, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Veronica Malavasi

Authors
  1. Gabriele De Martis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bonaria Mulas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Veronica Malavasi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michela Marignani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michela Marignani.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 197 kb)

Supplementary material 2 (PDF 150 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

De Martis, G., Mulas, B., Malavasi, V. et al. Can Artificial Ecosystems Enhance Local Biodiversity? The Case of a Constructed Wetland in a Mediterranean Urban Context. Environmental Management 57, 1088–1097 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0668-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0668-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation