Abstract
This limited review of smart water grid (SWG) development, challenges, and solutions provides an initial assessment of early attempts at operating SWGs. Though the cost and adoption issues are critical, potential benefits of SWGs such as efficient water conservation and distribution sustain the development of SWGs around the world. The review finds that the keys to success are the new regulations concerning data access and ownership to solve problems of security and privacy; consumer literacy to accept and use SWGs; active private sector involvement to coordinate SWG development; government-funded pilot projects and trial centers; and integration with sustainable water management.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berst J (2013a) Europe begins smart water project rollouts. SmartGridNews.com
Berst J (2013b) Smart water: Indian success story foretells market growth. SmartGridNews.com
Blom A, Cox P, Raczka K (2010) Developing a Policy Position on Smart Water Metering [online]. https://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-030510-001634/unrestricted/WPI_ATA_IQP_Final_Report.pdf. Accessed 28 Feb 2014
Boulos P, Wiley, A (2013) Can We Make Water Systems Smarter? [online]. http://innovyze.com/news/showcases/SmartWaterNetworks.pdf. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
Boyle T, Giurco D, Mukheibir P, Liu A, Moy C, White S, Stewart R (2013) Intelligent metering for urban water: a review. Water 5(3):1052–1081
Brzozowski C (2010) Pump technology. Water Eff 5:38–41
Brzozowski C (2013) What is the smart water grid [online]? http://www.allonewater.com/WM/WMArticles/What_Is_the_Smart_Water_Grid_20322.aspx. Accessed 28 Feb 2014
Byeon S, Choi G, Maeng S, Gourbesville P (2015) Sustainable Water Distribution Strategy with Smart Water Grid. Sustainability 7(4):4240–4259
Choi S, Shim B, Park H, Lee H (2013) ICT-Based AMI Network Deployment and Water Information Service Development. Int J Control Autom 6(4):377–386
Dean M (2013) Smart water grid outlook [online]. http://www.fiercesmartgrid.com/story/smart-water-grid-outlook/2013-04-17. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
DeLay J (2014) Smart water technology: benefits, challenges and three action steps for utilities [online]. http://bv.com/Home/news/solutions/water/smart-water-technology-benefits-challenges-and-three-action-steps-for-utilities. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
DOE (2014) Department of Energy. White house leads effort to set smart grid policies [online]. https://www.smartgrid.gov/federal_initiatives/featured_initiatives/white_house_leads_effort_set_smart_grid_policies. Accessed 10 Apr 2014
El-Hawary ME (2014) The smart grid—state-of-the-art and future trends. Electr Power Compon Syst 42(3–4):239–250
Elster (2011) Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) Selects Elster for Mexico City’s First AMI Smart Grid Project. Elster. 19 Apr 2011
EnerNOC (2013) How DR works [online]. http://www.enernoc.com/for-businesses/demandsmart/benefits-to-you. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
Froehlich J, Larson E, Campbell T, Haggerty C, Fogarty J, Patel S (2009) Hydrosense: Infrastructure-mediated single-point sensing of whole-home water activity. In: Proceedings of UbiComp 2009, Orlando, 2009
Gartner Inc (2009) Hype cycle for smart grid technologies. https://www.gartner.com/doc/1078223/hype-cycle-smart-grid-technologies
Giurco DP, White SB, Stewart RA (2010) Smart metering and water end-use data: conservation benefits and privacy risks. Water 2:461–467
Hauber-Davis G, Idris E (2006) Smart Water Metering. Water 33(3):56–59
Hinchman A, Modzelewski M, Caprio V (2012) White paper: the water smart grid initiative [online]. http://www.waterinnovations.org/PDF/WP_water_smart_grid.pdf. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
Jacobs JW (2015) Developing Countries issues in [online]. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Da-En/Developing-Countries-Issues-in.html. Accessed 12 Aug 2015
Jury WA (2005) The role of science in solving the world’s emerging water problems. PNAS 102(44):15715–15720
Kim D, Park K, Choi G, Min K (2014) A study on the factors that affect the adoption of smart water grid. J Comput Virol Hacking Tech 10(2):119–128
Lipski M (2011) Demand response – technology for the smart grid [online]. http://bv.com/docs/articles/demand-response-technology-for-the-smart-grid. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
Maier RM., Pepper, I.L., and Gerba, C.P. (2009) Environmental Microbiology, Second Edition [online]. http://booksite.elsevier.com/samplechapters/9780123705198/Sample_Chapters/01~Front_Matter.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2014
McPhee I (2010) Administration of the Water Smart Australia Program [online]. http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Documents/2009%2010_audit_report_21.pdf. Accessed 07 Apr 2014. : (Commonwealth of Australia 2010)
McPhee I (2014) Administration of the Smart Grid, Smart City Program [online]. http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Files/Audit%20Reports/2013%202014/Audit%20Report%2016/AuditReport-2013-2014_16.pdf. Accessed 07 Apr 2014. : (Commonwealth of Australia 2014)
Mistry P (2011) Pressure management to reduce water demand & leakage. Wide Bay Water Corporation, Australia
Mutchek MA, Williams ED (2010) Design space characterization for meeting cost and carbon reduction goals: Smart irrigation controllers in the southwestern United States. J Ind Ecol 14:727–739
Mutchek M, Williams E (2014) Moving towards sustainable and resilient smart water grid. Challenges 5(1):123–137
Nichols R (2010a) Can a smart water grid save states from looming water shortage [online]? http://www.digitalcommunities.com/articles/Can-a-Smart-Water-Grid-Save.html. Accessed 10 Apr 2014
Nichols R (2010b) Tallahassee preps nation’s first smart grid that fuses electricity, gas and water utilities [online]. http://www.digitalcommunities.com/articles/Tallahassee-Preps-Nations-First-Smart-Grid.html. Accessed 10 Apr 2014
Oracle (2009) Smart metering for water utilities [online]. http://www.oracle.com/us/industries/utilities/046596.pdf. Accessed 11 Aug 2015
PUB (2011) Innovation in water Singapore, vol 1. Singapore’s National Water Agency, Singapore
PUB (2012a) Innovation in water Singapore, vol 2. Singapore’s National Water Agency, Singapore
PUB (2012b) Innovation in water Singapore, vol 3. Singapore’s National Water Agency, Singapore
Ruggaber TP, Talley JW, Montestruque LA (2007) Using embedded sensor networks to monitor, control, and reduce cso events: a pilot study. Environ Eng Sci 24:172–182
Saboo A (2013) Smart water grid outlook [online]. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/the-smart-grid-for-water-gets-bigger. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
Sensus (2011) Garden City, Kansas Reaps Benefits of Smart Grid for Electric and Water Customers (Press Release) [online]. http://sensus.com/documents/10157/34871/2011_6_1_Garden+City+Kansas+Electric+and+Water.pdf/bad067e8-37c1-4c85-9ecd-db5f8bac0417. Accessed 21 Feb 2014
Sensus (2012a) Garden City, Kansas Reaps Benefits of Smart Grid for Electric and Water Customers [online]. http://sensus.com/web/usca/library/case-studies/display?library_id=garden-city-kansas-reaps-benefits-of-smart-grid-for-electric-and-water-customers-case-study. Accessed 21 Feb 2014
Sensus (2012b) Water 20/20 Bringing Smart Water Networks into focus [online]. http://sensus.com/documents/10157/1577608/Sensus_Water2020-USweb.pdf/d67d0a75-255a-4a20-86f1-d4548bfcdf78. Accessed 13 Aug 2015
Sensus (2014) Sensus Announces First iPERL Smart Meter Rollout in France [online]. http://sensus.com/web/usca/news/display/sensus-announces-first-iperl-smart-meter-rollout-in-france-press-release. Accessed 21 Feb 2014
Siano P (2014) Demand response and smart grids – a survey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 30:461–478
Simmhan Y, Kumbhare AG, Cao B, Prasanna V (2011) An analysis of security and privacy issues in smart grid software architectures on clouds [online]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.294.4684&rep=rep1&type=pdf. Accessed 28 Feb 2014
Smith R (2009) Stimulus funds speed transformation toward ‘Smart Grid. Wall St J
St. John J (2012) The Smart Grid for Water Gets Bigger [online]. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/the-smart-grid-for-water-gets-bigger. Accessed 06 Apr 2014
Stock J (2011) Santa Clarita’s Smart Water Irrigation System: Achieving Sustainable Water Efficiency Standards [online]. http://www.hydropoint.com/santa-claritas-smart-water-irrigation-system-achieving-sustainable-water-efficiency-standards-3/. Accessed 10 Apr 2014
Stop Smart Meters (2011) Why Stop Smart Meters [online]? http://stopsmartmeters.org/why-stop-smart-meters/. Accessed 28 Feb 2014
SWG (2014) Smart Water Grid Development. Incheon University, Korea, pp 1–953
USTDA (2012) United States Trade and Development Agency. USTDA Supports Smart Grid Implementation Efforts in Mexico. 26 Jun 2012
Vaseashta A (2011) Technological advances water safety, security, and sustainability. In: Proceedings of Second International Congress on Sustainability Science and Engineering, Tucson, 2011
Victorian Water Trust (2010) Smart Water Metering Cost Benefit Study [online]. http://www.swan-forum.com/uploads/5/7/4/3/5743901/smart_metering_cost_benefit.pdf. Accessed 14 Aug 2015
Volkwyn C (2013) Smart water coming to Europe [online]. http://www.metering.com/smart-water-coming-to-europe/. Accessed 28 Sep 2015
Water Innovations Alliance (2012) White Paper: The Smart Water Grid Initiative [online]. http://www.waterinnovations.org/PDF/WP_water_smart_grid.pdf. Accessed 08 Aug 2015
water-technology.net (2012) Suez Environment, SPML Infra win $95 m water supply contract in India. Kable Intelligence Limited, 15 Nov 2012
water-technology.net. (2013) Itron wins smart water meter technology contracts in India. Kable Intelligence Limited, 21 Jun. 2013
Willis R, Stewart RA, Panuwatwanich K, Capati B, Giurco D (2009) Gold coast domestic water end use study. Water: J Aust Water Assoc 36(6):79–85
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a Grant (12-TI-C01) from Advanced Water Management Research Program funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of the Korean government.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheong, SM., Choi, GW. & Lee, HS. Barriers and Solutions to Smart Water Grid Development. Environmental Management 57, 509–515 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0637-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0637-3