Reconstruction of Complex Defects of Lower Extremities Using Thinned Free Muscle Flaps

Abstract

Background

Bulky appearance is a major shortcoming after surface coverage using free muscle flaps. The one-stage thinning procedure at the time of transfer can improve the appearance and avoid additional debulking surgery. We present our experiences in the reconstruction of complex lower extremity defects using thinned free muscle flaps.

Methods

Latissimus dorsi muscle flaps (LDMs) and rectus abdominis muscle flaps (RAMs), which have vessel pedicles running deep in the muscles, were raised and the superficial tissue layers were removed to thin the flaps. These thinned muscle flaps were then used to resurface the wounds on lower extremities followed by coverage of skin autografts on the muscle surfaces.

Results

Fourteen LDMs and four RAMs were thinned used for resurfacing eight, five, and three defects on feet, ankles, and pretibial regions, respectively, with wounds that ranged from 6 × 4 cm² to 23 × 9 cm². All muscle flaps survived the tangential thinning procedures uneventfully. High take rates were observed for most skin grafts, except that a partial skin loss was found in one case. During the 1–20 months follow-up, the skin surface contours over the thinned muscle flaps matched well with adjacent areas.

Conclusions

Intraoperative immediate thinning of LDMs and RAMs can be safely accomplished during the primary reconstruction procedure and may provide an alternative for coverage of complex lower extremity defects.

Level of Evidence V

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