Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have both been recently implicated in bone remodelling. Clinical evidence, as well as data from TSH receptor and thyroid hormone receptor knockout mice, suggest that TSH has a direct effect on skeletal homeostasis, although some data are conflicting. Recently, the exogenous administration of TSH has been shown to positively impact bone in oophrectomised rats. These data, along with their potential implications for the treatment of severe osteoporosis, are discussed.
Résumé
L’ATSH et la FSH sont impliquées de façon conjointe dans le remodelage osseux. Il est évident que sur le plan clinique et après analyse des données, la stimulation des récepteurs hormonaux de l’hormone thyroïdienne a un effet direct sur l’homéostasie osseuse. Récemment, il a été montré que l’utilisation d’hormones thyroïdiennes avait également un effet positif sur l’os des rats ovariectomisés. Toutes ces données et leurs conséquences thérapeutiques sont discutées dans les cas d’ostéoporoses sévères.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe E, Marians RC, Yu W, Wu X-B, Ando T, Li Y, Iqbal J, Eldeiry L, Rajendren G, Blair HC, Davies TF, Zaidi M (2003) TSH is a negative regulator of skeletal remodeling. Cell 115:151–162
Bassett JHD, O’Shea PJ, Sriskantharajah S, Rabier B, Boyde A, Howell PGT, Weiss RE, Roux J-P, Malaval L, Clement-Lacroix P, Samarut J, Chassande O, Williams GR (2007) Thyroid hormone excess rather than thyrotropin deficiency induces osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism. Mol Endocrinol 21:1095–1107
Dierich A, Sairam MR, Monaco L, Fimia GM, Gansmuller A, LeMeur M, Sassone-Corsi P (1998) Impairing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling in vivo: targeted disruption of the FSH receptor leads to aberrant gametogenesis and hormonal imbalance. Cell Biol 95:13612–13617
Greenspan SL, Greenspan FS (1999) The effect of thyroid hormone on skeletal integrity. Ann Intern Med 130:750–758
Grossman M, Weintraub BD, Szkudlinski MW (1997) Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of human thyrotropin action: structural, physiological, and therapeutic implications for the glycoprotein hormone family. Endocr Rev 18:476–501
Hase H, Ando T, Eldeiry L, Brebene A, Peng Y, Lin L, Amano H, Davies TF, Sun L, Zaidi M, Abe E (2006) TNFα mediates the skeletal effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12849–12854
Ibqal J, Sun L, Kumar TR, Blair HC, Zaidi M (2006) Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates TNF production from immune cells to enhance osteoblast and osteoclast formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:14925–14930
Kim DJ, Khang YH, Koh J-M, Shong YK, Kim GS (2006) Low normal TSH levels are associated with low bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol 64:86–90
Martini G, Pacini F, Campagna, MS, Fanci B, Azvanzati A, Lucani B, Salvadori S, Gennari L, Valenti R, DePaola V, Pilli T, Nuti R (2005) The effects of recombinant TSH on bone turnover markers and serum osteoprotegerin and RANKL levels. In: Presentation SU378 of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) 27th Annual Meeting, Nashville, Tennessee, September 2005
Mazziotti G, Sorvillo F, Piscopo M, Cioffi M, Pillo P, Biondi B, Iorio S, Giustina A, Amato G, Carelly C (2005) Recombinant human TSH modulates in vivo C-telopeptides of type-1 collagen and bone alkaline phosphatase, but not osteoprotegerin production in postmenopausal women monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Bone Miner Res 20:480–486
Morris MS (2007) The association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in its reference range and bone status in postmenopausal American women. Bone 40:1128–1134
Onigata K, Kowasi T, Nishiyama S, Micuno H, Morikawa A (2005) Bone mineral density in human cases with TSH receptor gene mutations. In: Proceedings of the New York Academy of Sciences 1st Conference on Skeletal Development and Remodeling in Health, Disease, and Aging, New York, May 2005, vol 1, p 11
Pantazi H, Papapetrou PD (2000) Changes in parameters of bone and mineral metabolism during therapy for hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1099–1106
Ramirez L, Braverman LE, White B, Emerson CH (1997) Recombinant human thyrotropin is a potent stimulator of thyroid function in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2836–2839
Sampath TK, Simic P, Sendak R, Draca N, Bowe AE, O’Brien S, Schiavi SC, McPherson JM, Vukicevic S (2007) Thyroid-stimulating hormone restores bone volume, microarchitecture, and strength in aged ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 22:849–859
Sun L, Davies TF, Blair HC, Abe E, Zaidi M (2006) TSH and bone loss. Ann NY Acad Sci 1068:309–318
Sun L, Zhang Z, Iqbal J, Zaidi S, Papachristou DJ, Zhou H, Sharrow AC, Peng Y, Yaroslavskiy BB, Zhu L-L, Zallone A, Sairam MR, Kumkar TR, Landa LC, Schaffler MB, Moonga BS, Blaire HC, Zaidi M (2006) FSH directly regulates bone mass. Cell 125:247–260
Szkudlinski MW, Grossmann M, Leitolf H, Weintraub BD (2000) Human thyroid-stimulating hormone: structure–function analysis. Methods 21:67–81
Zaidi M (2005) Neural surveillance of skeletal homeostasis. Cell Metab 1:219–221
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
All of the authors are employed by Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sendak, R.A., Sampath, T.K. & McPherson, J.M. Newly reported roles of thyroid-stimulating hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in bone remodelling. International Orthopaedics (SICO 31, 753–757 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-007-0417-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-007-0417-7