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Time-lapse crosswell seismic and VSP monitoring of injected CO2 in a brine aquifer

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Environmental Geology

Abstract

Seismic surveys successfully imaged a small scale CO2 injection (1,600 ton) conducted in a brine aquifer of the Frio Formation near Houston, Texas. These time-lapse borehole seismic surveys, crosswell and vertical seismic profile (VSP), were acquired to monitor the CO2 distribution using two boreholes (the new injection well and a pre-existing well used for monitoring) which are 30 m apart at a depth of 1,500 m. The crosswell survey provided a high-resolution image of the CO2 distribution between the wells via tomographic imaging of the P-wave velocity decrease (up to 500 m/s). The simultaneously acquired S-wave tomography showed little change in S-wave velocity, as expected for fluid substitution. A rock physics model was used to estimate CO2 saturations of 10–20% from the P-wave velocity change. The VSP survey resolved a large (∼70%) change in reflection amplitude for the Frio horizon. This CO2 induced reflection amplitude change allowed estimation of the CO2 extent beyond the monitor well and on three azimuths. The VSP result is compared with numerical modeling of CO2 saturations and is seismically modeled using the velocity change estimated in the crosswell survey.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the GEOSEQ project for the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Coal and Power Systems through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231. The CO2 flow modeling results were prepared by Chris Doughty of LBNL. Thanks to Susan Hovorka and Sally Benson for management of the Frio and GEOSEQ projects, respectively, and their support of the geophysics program. Thanks to Don Lippert, Cecil Hoffpauir and Rob Trautz for their important contributions to the data acquisition. Thanks to Bjorn Paulsson of P/GSI. Thanks to the editors and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and corrections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Thomas M. Daley, Larry R. Myer, J. E. Peterson, E. L. Majer & G. M. Hoversten

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  1. Thomas M. Daley
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  2. Larry R. Myer
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  3. J. E. Peterson
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  4. E. L. Majer
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  5. G. M. Hoversten
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Correspondence to Thomas M. Daley.

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Daley, T.M., Myer, L.R., Peterson, J.E. et al. Time-lapse crosswell seismic and VSP monitoring of injected CO2 in a brine aquifer. Environ Geol 54, 1657–1665 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0943-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0943-z

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