Abstract
The water framework directive (WFD) is applied within the Guadalhorce river basin, a Western Mediterranean basin in the Málaga province (South Spain). Criteria defining different surface and groundwater bodies are described. The basic hydrographic network is constituted of low-mountain and low-altitude Mediterranean mineralized rivers. Heavily modified surface water bodies correspond (1) to areas where dams regulate the main watercourses, (2) to areas downstream of reservoirs, where river flow is reduced, and (3) to the coastal sector of the river where artificial channelling has caused morphological variations. Groundwater bodies are related to carbonate and porous aquifers and, locally, to aquifers influenced by dissolution of evaporites. The main impacts to water bodies are irrigated lands and livestock farming. There are also point sources of pollution, such as wastewater, landfills, golf courses, industrial zones, quarries and petrol stations. In addition, groundwater is frequently pumped for human supply and irrigation. Qualitative status of groundwater bodies was done by chemical analysis of samples from a monitoring network and the quantitative status by examining variations in piezometric levels. Both revealed the existence of water bodies at risk of not meeting the environmental objectives of the WFD. The main indicators of pollution are nitrates related to agricultural activities, and total organic carbon (TOC), PO 3−4 and NH +4 in relation to wastewater.
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Acknowledgments
This paper is a contribution to Projects REN2003-1580/HID, CGL2005-05427 of the DGICYT and IGCP-513 of UNESCO. Thanks to the Research Group RNM-308 of Junta de Andalucia and the associated unit IGME-GHUMA “Unidad de Estudios Hidrogeológicos Avanzados”. D. Sánchez has been financially supported by a predoctoral research grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.
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Carrasco, F., Sánchez, D., Vadillo, I. et al. Application of the European water framework directive in a Western Mediterranean basin (Málaga, Spain). Environ Geol 54, 575–585 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0852-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0852-1