Abstract
The preferentially respiring and thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is an emerging host for heterologous protein synthesis, surpassing the traditional preferentially fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in some important aspects: K . marxianus can grow at temperatures 10 °C higher than S. cerevisiae, which may result in decreased costs for cooling bioreactors and reduced contamination risk; has ability to metabolize a wider variety of sugars, such as lactose and xylose; is the fastest growing eukaryote described so far; and does not require special cultivation techniques (such as fed-batch) to avoid fermentative metabolism. All these advantages exist together with a high secretory capacity, performance of eukaryotic post-translational modifications, and with a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status. In the last years, replication origins from several Kluyveromyces spp. have been used for the construction of episomal vectors, and also integrative strategies have been developed based on the tendency for non-homologous recombination displayed by K. marxianus. The recessive URA3 auxotrophic marker and the dominant KanR are mostly used for selection of transformed cells, but other markers have been made available. Homologous and heterologous promoters and secretion signals have been characterized, with the K. marxianus INU1 expression and secretion system being of remarkable functionality. The efficient synthesis of roughly 50 heterologous proteins has been demonstrated, including one thermophilic enzyme. In this mini-review, we summarize the physiological characteristics of K. marxianus relevant for its use in the efficient synthesis of heterologous proteins, the efforts performed hitherto in the development of a molecular toolbox for this purpose, and some successful examples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballesteros M, Oliva JM, Negro MJ, Manzanares P, Ballesteros I (2004) Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SFS) with Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875. Process Biochem 39(12):1843–1848. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2003.09.011
Belem MAF, Lee BH (1998) Production of bioingredients from Kluyveromyces marxianus grown on whey: an alternative. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 38:565–598. doi:10.1080/10408699891274318
Bellaver LH, de Carvalho NM, Abrahão-Neto J, Gombert AK (2004) Ethanol formation and enzyme activities around glucose-6-phosphate in Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556 exposed to glucose or lactose excess. FEMS Yeast Res 4:691–698. doi:10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.01.004
Bergkamp RJM, Bootsman TC, Toschka HY, Mooren ATA, Kox L, Verbakel JMA, Geerse RH, Planta RJ (1993) Expression of an alpha-galactosidase gene under control of the homologous inulinase promoter in Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 40:309–317. doi:10.1007/BF00170386
Bragança CRS, Colombo LT, Roberti AS, Alvim MCT, Cardoso SA, Reis KCP, de Paula SO, da Silveira WB, Passos FML (2015) Construction of recombinant Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3 to express dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:1191–1203. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5963-5
Bruijne AW, Schuddemat J, van den Broek PJA, van Steveninck J (1988) Regulation of sugar transport systems of Kluyveromyces marxianus: the role of carbohydrates and their catabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 939:569–576. doi:10.1016/0005-2736(88)90104-6
Buckholz RG, Gleeson MAG (1991) Yeast systems for the commercial production of heterologous proteins. Bio/Technology 9:1067–1072. doi:10.1038/nbt1191-1067
Castro RCA, Roberto IC (2014) Selection of a thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus strain with potential application for cellulosic ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:1553–1564. doi:10.1007/s12010-013-0612-5
Chang JJ, Ho CY, Ho FJ, Tsai TY, Ke HM, Wang CHT, Chen HL, Shih MC, Huang CC, Li WH (2012) PGASO: a synthetic biology tool for engineering a cellulolytic yeast. Biotechnol Biofuels 5:53. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-5-53
Chang JJ, Ho F, Ho C, Wu Y, Hou Y, Huang C, Shih M, Li W (2013) Assembling a cellulase cocktail and a cellodextrin transporter into a yeast host for CBP ethanol production. Biotechnol Biofuels 6:19. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-6-19
Cheon Y, Kim JS, Park JB, Heo P, Lim JH, Jung GY, Seo JH, Park JH, Koo HM, Cho KM, Park JB, Ha SJ, Kweon DH (2014) A biosynthetic pathway for hexanoic acid production in Kluyveromyces marxianus. J Biotechnol 182-183:30–36. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.010
Chen XJ (1996) Low- and high-copy-number shuttle vectors for replication in the budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Gene 172:131–136. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(96)00125-4
Choo JH, Han C, Kim JY, Kang HA (2014) Deletion of a KU80 homolog enhances homologous recombination in the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Biotechnol Lett 36:2059–2067. doi:10.1007/s10529-014-1576-4
De Deken RH (1966) The Crabtree effect: a regulatory system in yeast. Microbiology 44:149–156
Delic M, Valli M, Graf AB, Pfeffer M, Mattanovich D, Gasser B (2013) The secretory pathway: exploring yeast diversity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 37:872–914
Della-Bianca BE, Basso TO, Stambuk BU, Basso LC, Gombert AK (2013) What do we know about the yeast strains from the Brazilian fuel ethanol industry? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:979–991. doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4631-x
Diniz RHS, Silveira WB, Fietto LG, Passos FML (2012) The high fermentative metabolism of Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3 relies on the increased expression of key lactose metabolic enzymes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 101:541–550. doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9668-9
Dolashka-Angelova P, Moshtanska V, Kujumdzieva A, Atanasov B, Petrova V, Voelter W, Van Beeumen J (2010) Structure of glycosylated Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase from Kluyveromyces yeast NBIMCC 1984. J Mol Struct 980:18–23
Domínguez A, Fermiñán E, Sánchez M, González FJ, Pérez-Campo FM, García S, Herrero AB, Vicente AS, Cabello J, Prado M, Iglesias FJ, Choupina A, Burguillo FJ, Fernández-Lago L, López MC (1998) Non-conventional yeasts as hosts for heterologous protein production. Int Microbiol 1:131–142. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5948-4
Fonseca GG, de Carvalho NM, Gombert AK (2013) Growth of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556 on different sugar combinations as sole carbon and energy source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:5055–5067. doi:10.1007/s00253-013-4748-6
Fonseca GG, Heinzle E, Wittmann C, Gombert AK (2008) The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and its biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79:339–354. doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1458-6
Fuciños P, Atanes E, López-López O, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Pastrana L, Rúa ML (2011) Production and characterization of two N-terminal truncated esterases from Thermus thermophilus HB27 in a mesophilic yeast: effect of N-terminus in thermal activity and stability. Protein Expr Purif 78:120–130. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2011.04.002
Gancedo JM (1998) Yeast carbon catabolite repression. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62:334–361. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16928.x
Gao Y, Xu J, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Liang C, Liu Y (2014) Ethanol production from high solids loading of alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse with an SSF process. Bioresources 9:3466–3479. doi:10.15376/biores.9.2.3466-3479
Gasnier B (1987) Characterization of low- and high-affinity glucose transports in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Biochim Biophys Acta 903:425–433. doi:10.1016/0005-2736(87)90049-6
Gemmill TR, Trimble RB (1999) Overview of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide structures found in various yeast species. Biochim Biophys Acta 1426:227–237. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(98)00126-3
González-Siso MI, Ramil E, Cerdán ME, Freire-Picos MA (1996) Respirofermentative metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis: ethanol production and Crabtree effect. Enzym Microb Technol 18(8):585–591. doi:10.1016/0141-0229(95)00151-4
Goshima T, Negi K, Tsuji M, Inoue H, Yano S, Hoshino T, Matsushika A (2013a) Ethanol fermentation from xylose by metabolically engineered strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus. J Biosci Bioeng 116:551–554. doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.010
Goshima T, Tsuji M, Inoue H, Yano S, Hoshino T, Matsushika A (2013b) Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass by a novel Kluyveromyces marxianus strain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 77:1505–1010
Groeneveld P, Stouthamer AH, Westerhoff HV (2009) Super life—how and why ‘cell selection’ leads to the fastest-growing eukaryote. FEBS J 276:254–270. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06778.x
Hagman A, Säll T, Compagno C, Piskur J (2013) Yeast “Make-Accumulate-Consume” life strategy evolved as a multi-step process that predates the whole genome duplication. PLoS One 8(7):e68734. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068734
Hensing MC, Rouwenhorst RJ, Heijnen JJ, van Dijken JP, Pronk JT (1995) Physiological and technological aspects of large-scale heterologous-protein production with yeasts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 67:261–279. doi:10.1007/BF00873690
Herrera T, Ulloa M, Fuentes I (1973) Descripción de una especie nueva de Hansenula y una variedad nueva de Candida parapsilosis aisladas del pozol. Bol Soc Mex Micol 7:17–26
Hong J, Wang Y, Kumagai H, Tamaki H (2007) Construction of thermotolerant yeast expressing thermostable cellulase genes. J Biotechnol 130:114–123. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.008
Hoshida H, Murakami N, Suzuki A, Tamura R, Asakawa J, Abdel-Banat BMA, Nonklang S, Nakamura M, Akada R (2014) Non-homologous end joining-mediated functional marker selection for DNA cloning in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Yeast 31:29–46. doi:10.1002/yea.2993
Inokuma K, Ishii J, Hara KY, Mochizuki M, Hasunuma T, Kondo A (2015) Complete genome sequence of Kluyveromyces marxianus strain NBRC1777, a nonconventional thermotolerant yeast. Genome Announc 3(2):e00389–e00315. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00389-15
Jakočiunas T, Jensen MK, Keasling JD (2016) CRISPR/Cas9 advances engineering of microbial cell factories. Metab Eng 34:44–59. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2015.12.003
Jeong H, Lee DH, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee K, Song JY, Kim BK, Sung BH, Park JC, Sohn JH, Koo HM, Kim JF (2012) Genome sequence of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus KCTC 17555. Eukaryot Cell 11:1584–1585. doi:10.1128/EC.00260-12
Kádár Z, Szengyel Z, Réczey K (2004) Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of industrial wastes for the production of ethanol. Ind Crop Prod 20:103–110. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.015
Kim TY, Lee SW, Oh MK (2014) Biosynthesis of 2-phenylethanol from glucose with genetically engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus. Enzym Microb Technol 61-62:44–47. doi:10.1016/j/enzmictec.2014.04.011
Kooistra R, Hooykaas PJJ, Steensma HY (2004) Efficient gene targeting in Kluyveromyces lactis. Yeast 21:81–792. doi:10.1002/yea.1131
Kurtzman CP (2003) Phylogenetic circumscription of Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and other members of the Saccharomycetaceae, and the proposal of the new genera Lachancea, Nakaseomyces, Naumovia, Vanderwaltozyma and Zygotorulaspora. FEMS Yeast Res 4:233–245
Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (2011) The yeasts: a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Lachance MA (2007) Current status of Kluyveromyces systematics. FEMS Yeast Res 7:642–645
Lachance MA (2011) Kluyveromyces van der Walt (1971). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (2011) (eds) The yeasts: a taxonomic study, vol. 2, 5th edn. Elsevier. Amsterdam
Lane MM, Morrissey JP (2010) Kluyveromyces marxianus: a yeast emerging from its sister’s shadow. Fungal Biol Rev 24:17–26. doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2010.01.001
Laukens B, De Visscher C, Callewaert N (2015) Engineering yeast for producing human glycoproteins: where are we now? Future Microbiol 10(1):21–34. doi:10.2217/FMB.14.104
Lee KS, Kim JS, Heo P, Yang TJ, Sung YJ, Cheon Y, Koo HM, Yu BJ, Seo JH, Jin YS, Park JC, Kweon DH (2013) Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters for heterologous gene expression in Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:2029–2041. doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4306-7
Lertwattanasakul N, Kosaka T, Hosoyama A, Suzuki Y, Rodrussamee N, Matsutani M, Murata M, Fujimoto N, Suprayogi TK, Limtong S, Fujita N, Yamada M (2015) Genetic basis of the highly efficient yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus: complete genome sequence and transcriptome analyses. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:47. doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0227-x
Li H, Sethuraman N, Stadheim TA, Zha D, Prinz B, Ballew N, Bobrowicz P, Choi B-K, Cook WJ, Cukan M, Houston-Cummings NR, Davidson R, Gong B, Hamilton SR, Hoopes JP, Jiang Y, Kim N, Mansfield R, Nett JH, Rios S, Strawbridge R, Wildt S, Gerngross TU (2006) Optimization of humanized IgGs in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. Nat Biotechnol 24(2):210–215. doi:10.1038/nbt1178
Ling KC (2008) Whey to ethanol: a biofuel role of dairy cooperatives? USDA Rural Development, Research Report 214 http://wwwrdusdagov/files/RR214pdf. Acessed 18 Feb 2016
Llorente B, Malpertuy A, Blandin G, Artiguenave F, Wincker P, Dujon B (2000) Genomic exploration of the hemiascomycetous yeasts: 12. Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus. FEBS Lett 487:71–75
López-López O, Fuciños P, Pastrana L, Rúa ML, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI (2010) Heterologous expression of an esterase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 145:226–232. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.11.017
López-López O, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI (2015) Thermus thermophilus as a source of thermostable lipolytic enzymes. Microorganisms 3:792–808. doi:10.3390/microorganisms3040792
Löser C, Urit T, Bley T (2014) Perspectives for the biotechnological production of ethyl acetate by yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:5397–5415. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5765-9
Matsuzaki C, Nakagawa A, Koyanagi T, Tanaka K, Minami H, Tamaki H, Katayama T, Yamamoto K, Kumagai H (2012) Kluyveromyces marxianus-based platform for direct ethanol fermentation and recovery from cellulosic materials under air-ventilated conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 113:604–607. doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.12.007
Moreno AD, Ibarra D, Ballesteros I, González A, Ballesteros M (2013) Comparing cell viability and ethanol fermentation of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on steam-exploded biomass treated with laccase. Bioresour Technol 135:239–245. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.095
Morrissey JP, Etschmann MM, Schrader J, de Billerbeck GM (2015) Cell factory applications of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus for the biotechnological production of natural flavour and fragrance molecules. Yeast 32:3–16. doi:10.1002/yea.3054
Nielsen J, Jewett MC (2008) Impact of systems biology on metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 8:122–131. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00302.x
Nielsen J, Keasling JD (2011) Synergies between synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Nat Biotechnol 29:693–695. doi:10.1038/nbt.1937
Nonklang S, Abdel-Banat BM, Cha-aim K, Moonjai N, Hoshida H, Limtong S, Yamada M, Akada R (2008) High-temperature ethanol fermentation and transformation with linear DNA in the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU3-1042. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:7514–7521. doi:10.1128/AEM.01854-08
Nonklang S, Ano A, Abdel-Banat BMA, Saito Y, Hoshida H, Akada R (2009) Construction of flocculent Kluyveromyces marxianus strains suitable for high-temperature ethanol fermentation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73:1090–1095. doi:10.1271/bbb.80853
Pecota DC, Da Silva NA (2005) Evaluation of the tetracycline promoter system for regulated gene expression in Kluyveromyces marxianus. Biotechnol Bioeng 92:117–123. doi:10.1002/bit.20584
Pecota DC, Rajgarhia V, Silva NA (2007) Sequential gene integration for the engineering of Kluyveromyces marxianus. J Biotechnol 127:408–416. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.07.031
Porro D, Sauer M, Branduardi P, Mattanovich D (2005) Recombinant protein production in yeasts. Mol Biotechnol 31:245–259. doi:10.1385/MB:31:3:245
Postma E, Verduyn C, Scheffers WA, Van Dijken JP (1989) Enzymic analysis of the Crabtree effect in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 55(2):468–477
Radecka D, Mukherjee V, Mateo RQ, Stojiljkovic M, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Thevelein JM (2015) Looking beyond Saccharomyces: the potential of non-conventional yeast species for desirable traits in bioethanol fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 15(6):fov053
Raimondi S, Zanni E, Amaretti A, Palleschi C, Uccelletti D, Rossi M (2013) Thermal adaptability of Kluyveromyces marxianus in recombinant protein production. Microb Cell Factories 12:1–7. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-12-34
Raimondi S, Uccelletti D, Amaretti A, Leonardi A, Palleschi C, Rossi M (2010) Secretion of Kluyveromyces lactis Cu/Zn SOD: strategies for enhanced production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 86:871–878. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2353-5
Ribeiro O, Gombert AK, Teixeira J, Domingues L (2007) Application of the cre-loxP system for multiple gene disruption in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. J Biotechnol 131:20–26. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.027
Rocha SN, Abrahão-Neto J, Cerdán ME, Gombert AK, González-Siso MI (2011) Heterologous expression of a thermophilic esterase in Kluyveromyces yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 89:375–385. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2869-8
Rocha SN, Abrahão-Neto J, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Gombert AK (2010) Heterologous expression of glucose oxidase in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Microb Cell Factories 9:1–12. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-9-4
Romanos MA, Scorer CA, Clare JF (1992) Foreign gene expression in yeast: a review. Yeast 8:423–488. doi:10.1002/yea.320080602
Rouwenhorst RJ, Visser LE, Van Der Baan AA, Scheffers WA, Van Dijken JP (1988) Production, distribution, and kinetic properties of inulinase in continuous cultures of Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1131–1137
Sansonetti S, Hobley TJ, Curcio S, Villadsen J, Sin G (2013) Use of continuous lactose fermentation for ethanol production by Kluveromyces marxianus for verification and extension of a biochemically structured model. Bioresour Technol 130:703–709. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.080
Signori L, Passolunghi S, Ruohonen L, Porro D, Branduardi P (2014) Effect of oxygenation and temperature on glucose-xylose fermentation in Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS712 strain. Microb Cell Factories 13:51. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-13-51
Silveira W, Diniz RHS, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Souza R, Vidigal P, Brustolini O, Prata EA, Medeiros A, Paiva L, Nascimento M, Ferreira E, Santos V, Bragança C, Fernandes T, Colombo L, Passos F (2014) Genomic sequence of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 (UFV-3): a highly lactose fermenting yeast isolated from Brazilian dairy industry. Genome Announc 2:e01136–e01114. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01136-14
Snoek ISI, Steensma HY (2006) Why does Kluyveromyces lactis not grow under anaerobic conditions? Comparison of essential anaerobic genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the Kluyveromyces lactis genome. FEMS Yeast Res 6:393–403. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2005.00007.x
Solis-Escalante D, van den Broek M, Kuijpers NGA, Pronk JT, Boles E, Daran J-M, Daran-Lapujade P (2015) The genome sequence of the popular hexose-transport-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain EBY.VW4000 reveals LoxP/Cre-induced translocations and gene loss. FEMS Yeast Res 15(2):fou004. doi:10.1093/femsyr/fou004
Souza CG Jr, MacDonald Ledingham W, Antônio De Morais M Jr (2001) Utilisation of cheese whey as an alternative growth medium for recombinant strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Biotechnol Lett 23:1413–1416. doi:10.1023/A:1011617914709
Stambuk BU, Franden MA, Singh A, Zhang M (2003) D-Xylose transport by Candida succiphila and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 105-108:255–263. doi:10.1385/ABAB:106:1-3:255
Suzuki T, Hoshino T, Matsushika A (2014) Draft genome sequence of Kluyveromyces marxianus strain DMB1, isolated from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Genome Announc 2(4):e00733–e00714. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00733-14
Theron CW, Labuschagné M, Gudiminchi R, Albertyn J, Smit MS (2014) A broad-range yeast expression system reveals Arxula adeninivorans expressing a fungal self-sufficient cytochrome P450 monooxygenase as an excellent whole-cell biocatalyst. FEMS Yeast Res 14:556–566. doi:10.1111/1567-1364.12142
van der Walt JP (1956) Kluyveromyces—a new yeast genus of the Endomycetales. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 22:265–272
van Ooyen AJ, Dekker P, Huang M, Olsthoorn MM, Jacobs DI, Colussi PA, Taron CH (2006) Heterologous protein production in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Res 6:381–392
Walker GM, O’Neill JD (1990) Morphological and metabolic changes in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus NRRLy2415 during fermentation of lactose. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 49:75–89. doi:10.1002/jctb.280490108
Wang YCM, Chuang LL, Lee FWF, Da Silva NA (2003) Sequential cloned gene integration in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62:523–527. doi:10.1007/s00253-003-1319-2
Wang R, Wang D, Gao X, Hong J (2014) Direct fermentation of raw starch using a Kluyveromyces marxianus strain that express glucoamylase and alpha-amylase to produce ethanol. Biotechnol Prog 30:338–347. doi:10.1002/btpr.1877
WenJuan MO, Chao GUO, Hong LV (2014) Review of Kluyveromyces marxianus’ genetic and physiological features. Sci Sin Vitae. doi:10.1360/N052016-00101
Wilkins MR, Mueller M, Eichling S, Banat IM (2008) Fermentation of xylose by the thermotolerant yeast strains Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB2, IMB4, and IMB5 under anaerobic conditions. Process Biochem 43:346–350. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2007.12.011
Wolfe KH, Shields DC (1997) Molecular evidence for an ancient duplication of the entire yeast genome. Nature 387(12):708–713
Yanase S, Hasunuma T, Yamada R, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Fukuda H, Kondo A (2010) Direct ethanol production from cellulosic materials at high temperature using the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus displaying cellulolytic enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 88:381–388. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2784-z
Yang C, Hu S, Zhu S, Wang D, Gao X, Hong J (2015) Characterizing yeast promoters used in Kluyveromyces marxianus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31:1641–1646. doi:10.1007/s11274-015-1899-x
Yarimizu T, Nakamura M, Hoshida H, Akada R (2015) Synthetic signal sequences that enable efficient secretory protein production in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Microb Cell Factories 14:20. doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0203-y
Yoshida Y, Naito E, Mizukoshi H, Watanabe Y, Kimura K, Yokoi W, Sato T, Okumura T, Ito M, Sawada H (2009) Side-chain structure of cell surface polysaccharide, mannan, affects hypocholesterolemic activity of yeast. J Agric Food Chem 57:8003–8009. doi:10.1021/jf900347q
Zhang J, Zhang B, Wang D, Gao X, Hong J (2014) Xylitol production at high temperature by engineering Kluyveromyces marxianus. Bioresour Technol 152:192–201. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.109
Zhang J, Zhang B, Wang D, Gao X, Sun L, Hong J (2015) Rapid ethanol production at elevated temperatures by engineered thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus via NADP(H)-preferring xylose reductase-xylitol dehydrogenase pathway. Metab Eng 31:140–152. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2015.07.008
Acknowledgments
General support to the group EXPRELA was funded by Xunta de Galicia (Consolidación D.O.G. 10-10-2012. Contract Number: 2012/118) co-financed by FEDER. We also acknowledge support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil, through grant number 2015/14109-0. JVM-Jr. acknowledges a PNPD scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasília, Brazil.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Andreas K. Gombert and José Valdo Madeira Jr. contributed equally to this work
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gombert, A.K., Madeira, J.V., Cerdán, ME. et al. Kluyveromyces marxianus as a host for heterologous protein synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100, 6193–6208 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7645-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7645-y