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Spatial Microbial Composition Along the Gastrointestinal Tract of Captive Attwater’s Prairie Chicken

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important component of individual health, and therefore, our ability to quantify its diversity accurately is central for exploring different ways to improve health. Non-invasive sampling methods, such as cloaca swabs, are often used to measure gastrointestinal microbiota diversity within an individual. However, few studies have addressed to what degree differences exist in microbial community composition along the gastrointestinal tract, and measures obtained from the cloaca may not actually represent the diversity present elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we systematically characterized the gastrointestinal microbial community of the critically endangered Attwater’s Prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) by opportunistically sampling four different locations (ileum, cecum, large intestine, and cloaca) along the gastrointestinal tract of eight individuals. Spatial variation of microbial community was observed at different sampling locations within the gastrointestinal tract. The cecum harbored the most diverse and significantly different microbiota from the other locations, while the microbial α- and β-diversities were similar in the ileum, large intestine, and cloaca. The results of this study provide evidence that microbiota diversity can differ depending on sampling location and metric used to quantify diversity. As shown here, non-invasive cloacal sampling strategies may reflect microbiota diversity elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract, yet caution is warranted when making generalizations in terms of the microbiota diversity correlations when samples are obtained from a single location within the gastrointestinal tract.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Susan Hammerly for early discussions concerning the feasibility of this study and Shannon Nodolf, DVM, for conducting the sampling. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0948787) to JAJ and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to JAJ.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA

    Yan Zhang & Michael S. Allen

  2. Center for Biosafety and Biosecurity, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA

    Yan Zhang & Michael S. Allen

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310559, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA

    Stephanie E. Simon & Jeff A. Johnson

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  1. Yan Zhang
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Zhang, Y., Simon, S.E., Johnson, J.A. et al. Spatial Microbial Composition Along the Gastrointestinal Tract of Captive Attwater’s Prairie Chicken. Microb Ecol 73, 966–977 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0870-1

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