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Plant Identity Exerts Stronger Effect than Fertilization on Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Sown Pasture

  • Plant Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play key roles in plant nutrition and plant productivity. AM fungal responses to either plant identity or fertilization have been investigated. However, the interactive effects of different plant species and fertilizer types on these symbiotic fungi remain poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of the factorial combinations of plant identity (grasses Avena sativa and Elymus nutans and legume Vicia sativa) and fertilization (urea and sheep manure) on AM fungi following 2-year monocultures in a sown pasture field study. AM fungal extraradical hyphal density was significantly higher in E. nutans than that in A. sativa and V. sativa in the unfertilized control and was significantly increased by urea and manure in A. sativa and by manure only in E. nutans, but not by either fertilizers in V. sativa. AM fungal spore density was not significantly affected by plant identity or fertilization. Forty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AM fungi were obtained through 454 pyrosequencing of 18S rDNA. The OTU richness and Shannon diversity index of AM fungi were significantly higher in E. nutans than those in V. sativa and/or A. sativa, but not significantly affected by any fertilizer in all of the three plant species. AM fungal community composition was significantly structured directly by plant identity only and indirectly by both urea addition and plant identity through soil total nitrogen content. Our findings highlight that plant identity has stronger influence than fertilization on belowground AM fungal community in this converted pastureland from an alpine meadow.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to appreciate Dong-Qing Chen and Wei Yang for the assistance with soil sampling and Xiao-Ling Zhang for the support on bioinformatics analysis. We thank the editor and anonymous referees for valuable suggestions and constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 31470228, 41001149, 31070434) and Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. XDB05010200).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yong Zheng, Liang Chen & Liang-Dong Guo

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Liang Chen

  3. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China

    Cai-Yun Luo & Zhen-Hua Zhang

  4. Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Shi-Ping Wang

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Figure S1

Abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal OTUs in different treatments. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to show the effect of plant identity (PI) and fertilization (F) on the abundance of OTU10 (a), OTU12 (b), OTU46 (e), and OTU50 (f), which did not satisfy the homogeneity of variance, followed by pairwise comparisons at P < 0.05. Two-way ANOVA revealed the effect of PI, F, and their interaction (PI × F) on the abundance of OTU25 (c) and OTU39 (d), which satisfied the homogeneity of variance, followed by Tukey’s HSD test at P < 0.05. Data are means ± SE. Shared letters above bars (lowercase) and lines (uppercase) denote no significant difference among nine treatments and three plant species, respectively. ns, P ≥ 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (DOC 115 kb)

Figure S2

Abundance (a–d) and OTU richness (e–g) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal families in different treatments. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to show the effect of plant identity (PI) and fertilization (F) on the abundance of Archaeosporaceae (a) and Gigasporaceae (d) and the richness of Archaeosporaceae (e), which did not satisfy the homogeneity of variance, followed by pairwise comparisons at P < 0.05. Two-way ANOVA revealed the effect of PI, F, and their interaction (PI × F) on the abundance of Claroideoglomeraceae (b) and Diversisporaceae (c) and the richness of Diversisporaceae (f) and Glomeraceae (g), which satisfied the homogeneity of variance, followed by Tukey’s HSD test at P < 0.05. Data are means ± SE. Shared letters above bars (lowercase) and lines (uppercase) denote no significant differences among nine treatments and three plant species, respectively. ns, P ≥ 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (DOC 140 kb)

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Zheng, Y., Chen, L., Luo, CY. et al. Plant Identity Exerts Stronger Effect than Fertilization on Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Sown Pasture. Microb Ecol 72, 647–658 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0817-6

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