Abstract
Carnivorous pitcher plants host diverse microbial communities. This plant–microbe association provides a unique opportunity to investigate the evolutionary processes that influence the spatial diversity of microbial communities. Using next-generation sequencing of environmental samples, we surveyed microbial communities from 29 pitcher plants (Sarracenia alata) and compare community composition with plant genetic diversity in order to explore the influence of historical processes on the population structure of each lineage. Analyses reveal that there is a core S. alata microbiome, and that it is similar in composition to animal gut microfaunas. The spatial structure of community composition in S. alata (phyllogeography) is congruent at the deepest level with the dominant features of the landscape, including the Mississippi river and the discrete habitat boundaries that the plants occupy. Intriguingly, the microbial community structure reflects the phylogeographic structure of the host plant, suggesting that the phylogenetic structure of bacterial communities and population genetic structure of their host plant are influenced by similar historical processes.
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Acknowledgments
We thank members of the Carstens laboratory, especially Sarah Hird and Daniel Ence for assistance with bioinformatics processing. We thank Brent Christner, Gary King, and Kyle Harms for valuable comments on this project and manuscript. This work has been supported by grants from the LSU Board of Regents Research Competitiveness Grant, the LSU Faculty Research Program, the LSU Pfund program, and the National Science Foundation (DEB 0956069). Sequences are deposited in the NCBI Genbank (accession numbers XXX).
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SI Table 1
Distribution of microbial taxonomic and sequence diversity from S. alata across four taxonomic ranks. Eleven phyla, 16 classes, 30 orders, and 76 families are classified using all sequences from all pitchers (sequences assigned to a particular rank that are found in every pitcher are bolded), the number of total sequences at each taxonomic level are listed as well as the abundance distribution between east and western populations. (DOC 139 kb)
SI Fig. 1
(Column A) Distribution of microbial taxonomic diversity from S. alata across four taxonomic ranks. Eleven phyla, 16 classes, 30 orders, and 76 Families. Families are classified using all sequences from all pitchers (names available for supplementary table if deemed necessary). (Column B) Proportion of sequences assigned to a particular rank that are found in every pitcher (black, ubiquitous) vs. not (white, rare). (Column C) Distribution of ubiquitous taxa in S. alata pitchers. Four phyla, four classes, four orders, and three families are represented in every pitcher (DOC 468 kb)
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Koopman, M.M., Carstens, B.C. The Microbial Phyllogeography of the Carnivorous Plant Sarracenia alata . Microb Ecol 61, 750–758 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9832-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9832-9