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The Occurrence of Lysogenic Bacteria and Microbial Aggregates in the Lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

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Abstract

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica form the coldest and driest ecosystem on Earth. Within this region there are a number of perennially ice-covered (3–6 m thick) lakes that support active microbial assemblages and have a paucity of metazoans. These lakes receive limited allochthonous input of carbon and nutrients, and primary productivity is limited to only 6 months per year owing to an absence of sunlight during the austral winters. In an effort to establish the role that bacteria and their associated viruses play in carbon and nutrient cycling in these lakes, indigenous bacteria, free bacteriophage, and lysogen abundances were determined. Total bacterial abundances (TDC) ranged from 3.80 × 104 to 2.58 × 107 cells mL−1 and virus-like particle (VLP) abundances ranged from 2.26 × 105 to 5.56 × 107 VLP mL−1. VLP abundances were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with TDC, bacterial productivity (TdR), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Lysogenic bacteria, determined by induction with mitomycin C, made up between 2.0% and 62.5% of the total population of bacteria when using significant decreases and increases in TDC and VLP abundances, respectively, and 89.5% when using increases in VLP abundances as the sole criterion for a successful induction event. The contribution of viruses released from induced lysogens contributed <0.015% to the total viral production rate. Carbohydrate and protein based organic aggregates were abundant within the water column of the lakes and were heavily colonized by bacteria and VLPs. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected within the matrix of the aggregates, implying phosphorus deficiency and consortial nutrient exchanges among microorganisms.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Craig Wolf and Betsy Boynton for assistance with statistics, graphics, and editorial matters. Craig Wolf and numerous others assisted with field collection and sample processing while in Antarctica, and we thank Dr. Dale Griffin for helpful discussions. Antarctic Support Associates, Petroleum Helicopters Inc., and Raytheon Polar Services provided additional logistics and analytical assistance. This research was funded under the auspices of NSF grants OPP 9815998, OPP 0085400, OPP 0096250, and OPP 0237335 to J.C.P.

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  1. USGS, Center for Coastal and Watershed Research, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA

    J. T. Lisle

  2. Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA

    J. C. Priscu

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Lisle, J., Priscu, J. The Occurrence of Lysogenic Bacteria and Microbial Aggregates in the Lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica . Microb Ecol 47, 427–439 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-1007-x

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