Preliminary Observations on Responses of Embryonic and Larval Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasi, to Neutral Fraction Biodegradation Products of Weathered Alaska North Slope Oil

Abstract.

Weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS 521) was subjected to biodegradation in vigorously stirred incubations for 14 days at 15 ± 1°C in 20‰ salinity sterilized seawater, amended with nutrients and inoculated with a hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism (EI2V) isolated from an oil-contaminated beach in Prince William Sound, Alaska. A total of 13.7 mg/L water-soluble neutral fraction (WSF) was recovered from the incubation of weathered ANS 521. Toxicity/teratogenicity tests were conducted with WSF recovered from the biodegradation system using embryonic and larval Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi. Exposures were begun at 4, 48, and 96 h postfertilization of herring eggs. Exposure concentrations were 1, 10, and 100% of the original concentration of WSF recovered from incubations (redissolved in 20‰ salinity sterile seawater at 15 ± 1°C). Sterile 20‰ salinity seawater without the addition of redissolved neutral fraction was used as a control. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) embryo mortality or teratogenic responses were observed at WSF concentrations of 10 and 100%. On days 5 through 8 of embryogenesis, counts of heart contraction rates were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) at the 100% WSF concentration for embryos exposed beginning at 4 and 48 h postfertilization. Grow-out of larvae from selected exposures was conducted. High mortality was noted in larvae exposed to the 10% WSF concentration beginning at 4 and 48 h postfertilization. Most of these larvae died 5 to 8 days after hatching when they elicited vertebral displacements at a time concurrent with the onset of feeding behavior.