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The Association Between Urinary Benzophenone Concentrations and Personal Care Product Use in Korean Adults

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Abstract

Benzophenone (BP) derivatives are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) for protection from ultraviolet radiation. Because of their broad applications, BP derivatives have been found in various human bodily fluids. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between urinary concentrations of BP derivatives and PCP use in Korean adults. A urinary BP biomonitoring survey was conducted in Korea by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2014. BP derivatives (BP-1, BP-3, and 4-OH-BP) were measured in urine samples from 168 Korean adults (mean age, 43.2 ± 15.4 years) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Information about the use of PCPs in the past 7 days was obtained by direct interviews. The mean levels of BP-1, BP-3, and 4-OH-BP were 0.87, 5.87, and 0.13 ng/g creatinine, respectively. The geometric mean levels of BP-1, BP-3, and 4-OH-BP were significantly higher in female than those in male. The medians of the urinary concentration of BP derivatives were significantly higher among users of the following PCPs than those in non-users; the PCPs included sunscreen, skin care products, functional cosmetics, makeup base, makeup, lip cosmetics, eye cosmetics, color cosmetics, perfume products, and nail products. A regression analysis revealed a significant linear association between urinary BP-3 concentrations and the number of additional cosmetic products used. These findings provide evidence of a positive association between exposure to PCPs and urinary BP derivative concentrations in Korean adults.

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Abbreviations

4-OH-BP:

4-hydroxybenzophenone

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Benzophenone

BP-1:

2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone

BP-3:

2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

CI:

Confidence interval

EDI:

Estimated daily intake

GM:

Geometric mean

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

MFDS:

Ministry of Food and Drug Safety

MS/MS:

Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

PCPs:

Personal care products

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a Grant (14161MFDS651) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2014.

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Correspondence to In Gyun Hwang.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ko, A., Kang, HS., Park, JH. et al. The Association Between Urinary Benzophenone Concentrations and Personal Care Product Use in Korean Adults. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 70, 640–646 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0240-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0240-x

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