Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the determination of VOCs emission factors in dry building materials

  • Original
  • Published:
Heat and Mass Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A comprehensive modelling study was performed to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission factors in dry building materials. In order to examine the emission characteristics of VOCs in dry building materials (carpet), an experiment was conducted, and a mathematical methodology was considered together with a numerical work for a validation. Here, a new representative airside VOCs concentration was considered in a mode different from that of previous studies, which allows us to evaluate VOCs emission factors more accurately.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A :

Source area (m2)

C :

Concentration (μg m−3)

D :

Diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

K :

Partition coefficient (–)

L :

Product loading (m2 m−3)

l :

Carpet thickness (m)

N :

Air exchange rate (h−1)

M>E :

Total mass emitted from the source during experimental period (μg)

M>a,F :

Total mass in the chamber air at the end of experimental (μg)

M>a,B :

Total mass in the chamber air at the beginning of the experimental (μg)

M>s,F :

Total mass absorbed by the chamber walls at the end of experimental (μg)

M>s,B :

Total mass absorbed by the chamber walls at the beginning of experimental (μg)

M>x :

Total mass leaving the chamber with the air change flow (μg)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

Q :

Volumetric air flow rate through chamber (m3 s−1)

t :

Time (s)

V :

Volume of air in chamber (m3)

x>i :

Direction tensor (m)

0:

Initial

A :

Air phase

C :

Carpet phase

i :

ith time step

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

μ :

Viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

References

  1. Sack TM, Steele DO, Hammerstrom K, Remmers J (1992) A survey of household products for volatile organic compounds. Atmos Environ 26A:1063–1070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Vanderwal JF, Hoogeveen AW, Wouda P (1997) The influence of temperature on the emission of volatile organic compounds from PVC flooring, carpet, and paint. Indoor Air 7:215–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hodgson AT, Wooley JD, Daisey JM (1993) Emissions of volatile organic compounds from new carpets measured in a large-scale environmental chamber. J Air Waste 43:316–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wolkoff P (1998) Impact of air velocity, temperature, humidity, and air on long-term voc emissions from building products. Atmos Environ 32:2659–2668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Knudsen HN, Kjaer UD, Nielsen PA, Wolkoff P (1999) Sensory and chemical characterization of VOC emissions from building products: impact of concentration and air velocity. Atmos Environ 33:1217–1230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dunn JE (1987) Models and statistical methods for gaseous emission testing of finite sources in well-mixed chambers. Atmos Environ 21:425–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Little JC, Hodgson AT, Gadgil AT (1994) Modeling emissions of volatile organic compounds from new carpets. Atmos Environ 28:227–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang H, Haghighat F (2002) Modelling of volatile organic compounds emission from dry building materials. Build Environ 37:1349–1360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cox SS, Little JC, Hodgson AT (2002) Predicting the emission rate of volatile organic compounds from vinyl flooring. Environ Sci Technol 36:709–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Cheng TY, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zuang Y (2002) Mathematical model for simulation of VOC emissions and concentrations in buildings. Atmos Environ 36:5025–5030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang X, Chen Q, Bluyseen PM (1998) Prediction of short-term and long-term VOC emission from SBR Bitumen-backed carpet under different temperatures. ASHRAE Trans 104:1297–1308

    Google Scholar 

  12. Shin DM, Kim CN, Kim DS (2003) Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a carpet. Korean J SAREK 15:40–49

    Google Scholar 

  13. ASTM D5116-06 (2006) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

  14. US EPC TO-17 (1999) Center for Environmental Research Information Office of Research and Development United State Environmental Protection Agency, 2nd edn. Cincinnati

  15. Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vettering WT, Flannery BP (1992) Numerical recipes in FORTRAN: the art of scientific computing, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Bodalal A, Zhang JS, Plett EG (2000) A method for measuring internal diffusion and equilibrium partition coefficients of volatile organic compounds for building materials. Build Environ 35:101–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Clark MM (1996) Transport modeling for environmental engineers and scientists. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  18. Spaks LE, Tickenor BA, Chang J, Guo Z (1996) Gas-Phase mass transfer model for predicting volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates from indoor pollutant sources. Indoor Air 6:31–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lide DR (2000) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rafson HJ (1998) Odor and VOC control handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea

    Dong Min Shin

  2. College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, #1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea

    Chang Nyung Kim, Chang-Ho Park, Dong-Sool Kim & Youngsuk Nam

Authors
  1. Dong Min Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chang Nyung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chang-Ho Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dong-Sool Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Youngsuk Nam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chang Nyung Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shin, D.M., Kim, C.N., Park, CH. et al. On the determination of VOCs emission factors in dry building materials. Heat Mass Transfer 49, 1625–1635 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-013-1201-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-013-1201-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation