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Evaluating the causal basis of ecological success within the scleractinia: an integral projection model approach

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Abstract

Many tropical corals have declined in abundance in the last few decades, and evaluating the causal basis of these losses is critical to understanding how coral reefs will change in response to ongoing environmental challenges. Motivated by the likelihood that marine environments will become increasingly unfavorable for coral growth as they warm and become more acidic (i.e., ocean acidification), it is reasonable to evaluate whether specific phenotypic traits of the coral holobiont are associated with ecological success (or failure) under varying environmental conditions including those that are adverse to survival. Initially, we asked whether it was possible to identify corals that are resistant or sensitive to such conditions by compiling quantitative measures of their phenotypic traits determined through empirical studies, but we found only weak phenotypic discrimination between ecological winners and losers, or among taxa. To reconcile this outcome with ecological evidence demonstrating that coral taxa are functionally unequal, we looked beyond the notion that phenotypic homogeneity arose through limitations of empirical data. Instead, we examined the validity of contemporary means of categorizing corals based on ecological success. As an alternative means to distinguish among functional groups of corals, we present a demographic approach using integral projection models (IPMs) that link organismal performance to demographic outcomes, such as the rates of population growth and responses to environmental stress. We describe how IPMs can be applied to corals so that future research can evaluate within a quantitative framework the extent to which changes in physiological performance influence the demographic underpinnings of ecological performance.

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted as part of the “Tropical coral reefs of the future: modeling ecological outcomes from the analyses of current and historical trends” Working Group (to RDG and PJE) funded by NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We acknowledge additional support from NSF (OCE 04-17413 and 10-26851 to PJE, DEB 03-43570 and 08-51441 to PJE, OCE 07-52604 to RDG), and the US EPA (FP917199 to HMP). This is a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef, Long-Term Ecological Research site, SOEST (9205), Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (1063), and California State University, Northridge (221).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA

    Peter J. Edmunds & Lorenzo Bramanti

  2. Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Scott C. Burgess & Nick S. Fabina

  3. Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA

    Scott C. Burgess

  4. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA

    Hollie M. Putnam, Christopher B. Wall, Denise M. Yost & Ruth D. Gates

  5. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Marissa L. Baskett

  6. UMR 8222, LECOB, Observatoire Oceanologique, UPMC, Banyuls sur mer, France

    Lorenzo Bramanti

  7. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA

    Xueying Han

  8. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St., Ste. 300, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA

    Xueying Han

  9. School of Marine Sciences and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    Michael P. Lesser

  10. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

    Joshua S. Madin

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  1. Peter J. Edmunds
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  4. Marissa L. Baskett
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  5. Lorenzo Bramanti
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  8. Michael P. Lesser
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  9. Joshua S. Madin
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Correspondence to Peter J. Edmunds.

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Communicated by M. Byrne.

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Edmunds, P.J., Burgess, S.C., Putnam, H.M. et al. Evaluating the causal basis of ecological success within the scleractinia: an integral projection model approach. Mar Biol 161, 2719–2734 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2547-y

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