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Habitat, movements and environmental preferences of dusky sharks, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico

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Abstract

The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) is the largest member of the genus Carcharhinus and inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems circumglobally in temperate, subtropical and tropical marine waters. In the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA), dusky sharks are overfished and considered vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. As a result, retention of dusky sharks in commercial and recreational fisheries off the east coast of the United States (US) and in the northern Gulf of Mexico is prohibited. Despite the concerns regarding the status of dusky sharks in the WNA, little is known about their habitat utilization. During the summers of 2008–2009, pop-up satellite archival tags were attached to ten dusky sharks (one male, nine females) at a location where they have been observed to aggregate in the north central Gulf of Mexico southwest of the Mississippi River Delta to examine their movement patterns and habitat utilization. All tags successfully transmitted data with deployment durations ranging from 6 to 124 days. Tag data revealed shark movements in excess of 200 km from initial tagging locations, with sharks primarily utilizing offshore waters associated with the continental shelf edge from Desoto Canyon to the Texas/Mexican border. While most sharks remained in US waters, one individual moved from the northern Gulf of Mexico into the Bay of Campeche off the coast of Mexico. Sharks spent 87 % of their time between 20 and 125 m and 83 % of their time in waters between 23 and 30 °C. Since dusky sharks are among the most vulnerable shark species to fishing mortality, there is a recovery plan in place for US waters; however, since they have been shown to make long-distance migrations, a multi-national management plan within the WNA may be needed to ensure the successful recovery of this population.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Shark Research Program team members, including G. Gray, J. Shelley, S. Curran, B. Dempster, D. Hildebrandt and E. Hildebrandt for their field assistance. We thank Captain K. Beach of the sport fishing vessel “Pale Horse,” Captain B. Delabar and deck-hand B. C. Bobby of the sport fishing vessel “Frenzy” (Venice, Louisiana) for their expertise, professionalism and spirit of cooperation. We are also indebted to B. Galuardi and A. Carlson for their assistance with filtering our movement data. Funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program (Grant #NA08NMF4540389) to E. Hoffmayer and J. Franks. This research was conducted in compliance with US law under scientific research permits HMS-EFP-08-07 and SHK-EFP-09-03, issued by the Highly Migratory Species Division of the Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Southern Mississippi (protocol 09031204). The opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce.

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  1. Eric R. Hoffmayer

    Present address: Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, National Marine Fisheries Service, 3209 Frederic Street, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS, 39567, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA

    Eric R. Hoffmayer, James S. Franks & Jill M. Hendon

  2. Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, National Marine Fisheries Service, 3209 Frederic Street, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS, 39567, USA

    William B. Driggers III

  3. Fisheries Management Division, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, 2000 Quail Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA

    Jennifer A. McKinney

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Joseph M. Quattro

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Hoffmayer, E.R., Franks, J.S., Driggers, W.B. et al. Habitat, movements and environmental preferences of dusky sharks, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mar Biol 161, 911–924 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2391-0

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