Abstract
A walking motion is established by feedforward control for rhythmic locomotion and feedback control for adapting to environmental variations. To identify the control variables that underlie feedback control, uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis has been proposed and adopted for analyzing various movements. UCM analysis searches the controlled variables by comparing the fluctuation size of segmental groups related and unrelated to the movement of candidate variables, based on the assumption that a small fluctuation size indicates a relationship with the feedback control. The present study was based on UCM analysis and evaluated fluctuation size to determine the control mechanism for walking. While walking, the subjects were subjected to floor disturbances at two different frequencies, and the fluctuation sizes of the segmental groups related to characteristic variables were calculated and compared. The characteristic variables evaluated were the motion of the center of mass, limb axis, and head, and the intersegmental coordination of segmental groups with simultaneous coupled movements. Results showed that the fluctuations in intersegmental coordination were almost equally small for any segment, while fluctuations in the other variables were large in certain segments. Moreover, a comparison of the fluctuation sizes among the evaluated variables showed that the fluctuation size for intersegmental coordination was the smallest. These results indicate a possible relationship between intersegmental coordination and the control of walking.
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Acknowledgments
This paper was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 26289063) and for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (No. 26120006) funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Dai Yanagihara for his thoughtful comments on an earlier draft.
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Funato, T., Aoi, S., Tomita, N. et al. Validating the feedback control of intersegmental coordination by fluctuation analysis of disturbed walking. Exp Brain Res 233, 1421–1432 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4216-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4216-x