Abstract
Blindsight is classically defined as residual visual capacity, e.g., to detect and identify visual stimuli, in the total absence of perceptual awareness following lesions to V1. However, whereas most experiments have investigated what blindsight patients can and cannot do, the literature contains several, often contradictory, remarks about remaining visual experience. This review examines closer these remarks as well as experiments that directly approach the nature of possibly spared visual experiences in blindsight.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander I, Cowey A (2010) Edges, colour and awareness in blindsight. Conscious Cognit 19:520–533
Azzopardi P, Cowey A (1997) Is blindsight like normal, near-threshold vision? PNAS 94:14190–14194
Barbur J, Ruddock K, Waterfield V (1980) Human visual responses in the absence of the geniculo-calcarine projection. Brain 103:905–928
Beckers G, Zeki S (1995) The consequences of inactivating areas V1 and V5 on visual motion perception. Brain 118:49–60
Campion J, Latto R, Smith YM (1983) Is blindsight an effect of scattered light, spared cortex, and near-threshold vision? Behav Brain Sci 6:423–486
Cowey A (2004) The 30th Sir Frederick Bartlett lecture—Fact, artefact, and myth about blindsight, Q J Exp Psychol. 57(A4): 577–609
Cowey A (2010) The blindsight saga. Exp Brain Res 200:3–24
de Gelder B, Tamietto M, van Boxtel G, Goebel R, Sahraie A, van den Stock J, Stienen B, Weiskrantz L, Pegna A (2008) Intact navigation skills after bilateral loss of striate cortex. Curr Biol 18:1128–1129
Ferrier D (1886) The Functions of the Brain. Putnam
Kentridge R, Heywood C, Weiskrantz L (1999) Attention without awareness in blindsight. Proc Royal Soc London B 266:1805–1811
King MS, Azzopardi P, Cowey A, Oxbury J, Osbury S (1996) The role of light scatter in the residual visual sensitivity of patients with complete cerebral hemispherectomy. Vis Neurosci 13:1–13
Koch C, Tsuchiya N (2006) Attention and consciousness: two distinct brain processes. Trends in Cognit Sci 11:16–22
Lau H, Passingham R (2006) Relative blindsight in normal observers and the neural correlate of visual consciousness. PNAS 103:18763–18768
Marcel AJ (1998) Blindsight and shape perception: deficit of visual consciousness or of visual function? Brain 121:1565–1588
Mogensen J (2011) Reorganization of the injured brain: Implications for studies of the neural substrate of cognition and consciousness. Front Psychol 2:7
Mogensen J, Mala H (2009) Post-traumatic functional recovery and reorganization in animal models. A theoretical and methodological challenge. Scand J Psychol 50:561–573
Overgaard M (2006) Introspection in science. Conscious Cogn 15:629–633
Overgaard M, Timmermans B (2010) How unconscious is subliminal perception? In: D. Schmicking & S. Gallagher (eds) Handbook of Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. Springer, New York, pp 501–519
Overgaard M, Rote J, Mouridsen K, Ramsøy TZ (2006) Is conscious perception gradual or dichotomous? A comparison of report methodologies during a visual task. Conscious Cogn 15:700–708
Overgaard M, Fehl K, Mouridsen K, Bergholt B, Cleeremans A (2008) Seeing without seeing? Degraded conscious vision in a blindsight patient. PLoS ONE 38:1–4
Perenin M, Jeannerod M (1978) Visual function within the hemianopic field following early cerebral hemidecortication in man. Neuropsychologia 16:1–13
Persaud N, Lau H (2008) Direct assessment of qualia in a blindsight participant. Conscious Cognit 17:1046–1049
Pöppel E, Held R, Frost D (1973) Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man. Nature 243:295–296
Ramsøy TZ, Overgaard M.(2004) Introspection and subliminal perception, Phenomenol Cognit Sci 3(1):1–23
Richards W (1973) Visual processing in scotomata. Exp Brain Res 17:333–347
Riddoch G (1917) Dissociations of visual perceptions due to occipital injuries, with especial reference to appreciation of movement. Brain 40:15–57
Schurger A, Cowey A, Cohen J, Treisman A, Tallon-Baudry C (2008) Distinct and independent correlates of attention and awareness in a hemianopic patient. Neuropsychologia 46:2189–2197
Stoerig P (2010) Cueless blindsight. Frontiers Hum Neurosci 374: 1–8
Stoerig P, Barth E (2001) Low-level phenomenal vision despite unilateral destruction of primary visual cortex. Conscious Cogn 10:574–587
Trevethan CT, Sahraie A, Weiskrantz L (2006) Can blindsight be superior to ‘sighted-sight’? Cognition 103:491–501
Weiskrantz L (1996) Blindsight revisited. Curr Opin Neurobiol 6:215–220
Weiskrantz L (1998) Consciousness and commentaries. Towards a Science of Consciousness II, MIT Press, Cambridge
Weiskrantz L (2009) Is blindsight just degraded normal vision? Exp Brain Res 192:413–416
Weiskrantz L, Warrington E, Sanders M, Marshall J (1974) Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation. Brain 97:709–728
Weiskrantz L, Cowey A, Hodinott-Hill I (2002) Prime-sight in a blindsight subject. Nat Neurosci 5:101–102
Acknowledgments
Morten Overgaard was supported by a Starting Grant from the European Research Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Overgaard, M. Visual experience and blindsight: a methodological review. Exp Brain Res 209, 473–479 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2578-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2578-2