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Environmental and biological determination of acrolein using new cold fiber solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry

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Abstract

Acrolein is a pollutant released daily to the indoor environment from different sources. The present study reports the development of a simple and sensitive cold fiber solid phase microextraction sampling method for the determination of acrolein in exhaled air and indoor air by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine was used as derivatizing agent supported on a 65-μm polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene SPME fiber. An acrolein permeation tube at 326.25 ng min−1 rate was used to generate gaseous standards. The method shows good results for main validation parameters. The limits of detection and quantification were 2.88 and 5.08 μg m−3, respectively, for indoor analysis; and 2.40 and 3.79 μg m−3, respectively, for exhaled air analysis. The precision showed standard deviation ranges from 6.00 to 8.00% for intra-assay analyses and from 8.00 to 10.00% for inter-assay analyses. After optimizing the conditions, analyses of real samples were performed on indoor environments contaminated by cigarette smoke, or heated oil, including pastry shops, restaurants, churros stands, and closed parking cars located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Acrolein breaths of exposed people were also determined. A good Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.901) was observed between the concentration of acrolein in indoor air and exhaled air, allowing to propose acrolein breath as environmental exposure biomarker.

Cold fiber solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this study was provided by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes).

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Correspondence to Zenilda L. Cardeal.

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All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-Comitê de Ética) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers for being included in the study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Dias, C.M., Menezes, H.C. & Cardeal, Z.L. Environmental and biological determination of acrolein using new cold fiber solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 2821–2828 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0226-9

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