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Use, analysis, and regulation of pesticides in natural extracts, essential oils, concretes, and absolutes

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Abstract

Natural extracts used by the fragrance and cosmetics industries, namely essential oils, concretes, resinoids, and absolutes, are produced from natural raw materials. These are often cultivated by use of monoculture techniques that involve the use of different classes of xenobiotica, including pesticides. Because of these pesticides’ potential effect on public health and the environment, laws regarding permitted residual levels of pesticides used in cultivation of raw materials for fragrance and cosmetic products are expected to become stricter. The purpose of this review is to present and classify pesticides commonly used in the cultivation of these natural raw materials. We will summarize the most recent regulations, and discuss publications on detection of pesticides via chemical analysis of raw natural extracts. Advances in analytical chemistry for identification and quantification of pesticides will be presented, including both sample preparation and modern separation and detection techniques, and examples of the identification and quantification of individual pesticides present in natural extracts, for example essential oils, will be provided.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the “Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie” (ANRT) for CIFRE funding for the Ph.D. thesis of O.T. We acknowledge financial and scientific support of International Flavors and Fragrances (IFF) France and Waters Company.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. European Research Institute on Natural Ingredients (ERINI), 06130, Grasse, France

    Oriane Tascone & Céline Roy

  2. Institut de Chimie de Nice, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7272 CNRS, 06108, Nice, France

    Oriane Tascone, Jean-Jacques Filippi & Uwe J. Meierhenrich

Authors
  1. Oriane Tascone
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  2. Céline Roy
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  3. Jean-Jacques Filippi
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  4. Uwe J. Meierhenrich
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uwe J. Meierhenrich.

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Published in the special issue Analytical Science in France with guest editors Christian Rolando and Philippe Garrigues.

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Tascone, O., Roy, C., Filippi, JJ. et al. Use, analysis, and regulation of pesticides in natural extracts, essential oils, concretes, and absolutes. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 971–980 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7102-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7102-z

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