Abstract
Rationale
Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that opiate drugs decrease emotional responses to negative stimuli and increase responses to positive stimuli. Such emotional effects may motivate misuse of oxycodone (OXY), a widely abused opiate. Yet, we know little about how OXY affects neural circuits underlying emotional processing in humans.
Objective
We examined effects of OXY on brain activity during presentation of positive and negative visual emotional stimuli. We predicted that OXY would decrease amygdala activity to negative stimuli and increase ventral striatum (VS) activity to positive stimuli. Secondarily, we examined the effects of OXY on other emotional network regions on an exploratory basis.
Methods
In a three-session study, healthy adults (N = 17) received placebo, 10 and 20 mg OXY under counterbalanced, double-blind conditions. At each session, participants completed subjective and cardiovascular measures and underwent functional MRI (fMRI) scanning while completing two emotional response tasks.
Results
Our emotional tasks reliably activated emotional network areas. OXY produced subjective effects but did not alter either behavioral responses to emotional stimuli or activity in our primary areas of interest. OXY did decrease right medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC) responses to happy faces.
Conclusions
Contrary to our expectations, OXY did not affect behavioral or neural responses to emotional stimuli in our primary areas of interest. Further, the effects of OXY in the MOFC would be more consistent with a decrease in value for happy faces. This may indicate that healthy adults do not receive emotional benefits from opiates, or the pharmacological actions of OXY differ from other opiates.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by a National Institute of Health—National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant R03DA024197 awarded to K. Luan Phan. All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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Supplemental Figure 1
Effects of Emotional Picture Task (EPT) on BOLD Response in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Activity in the amygdala was increased during negative pictures compared to other picture types, while activity in the NAcc was increased during positive pictures compared to other picture types. * p < 0.05 difference negative pictures vs. neutral pictures; + p < 0.05 difference negative pictures vs. positive pictures. (JPEG 172 kb)
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Wardle, M.C., Fitzgerald, D.A., Angstadt, M. et al. Effects of oxycodone on brain responses to emotional images. Psychopharmacology 231, 4403–4415 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3592-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3592-4