Abstract
Rationale
Systemic amphetamine (AMPH) administration increases the rate of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in adult rats and preferentially enhances the ‘trill’ subtype; these effects of AMPH critically depend on noradrenergic transmission, but the possible contributions of dopamine are unclear.
Objective
To assess the role of dopamine in 50-kHz USVs emitted drug-free and following systemic AMPH administration.
Methods
Adult male Long–Evans rats pre-selected for high AMPH-induced calling rates were tested with AMPH (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (IP)) and saline following pretreatment with the following dopamine receptor antagonists: SCH 23390 (0.005–0.02 mg/kg, subcutaneous (SC)), SCH 39166 (0.03–0.3 mg/kg, SC), haloperidol (0.1, 0.2 mg/kg, IP), sulpiride (20–80 mg/kg, SC), raclopride (0.1–0.5 mg/kg, SC), clozapine (4 mg/kg, SC), risperidone (0.5 mg/kg, SC), and pimozide (1 mg/kg, IP). The dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (GBR 12909 and nisoxetine, respectively) were also tested, alone and in combination.
Results
SCH 23390, SCH 39166, haloperidol, and raclopride dose-dependently inhibited vocalizations under AMPH and suppressed the proportion of trill calls. Sulpiride, however, had no discernable effect on call rate or profile, even at a high dose that reduced locomotor activity. Single doses of clozapine, risperidone, and pimozide all markedly decreased calling under saline and AMPH. Finally, GBR 12909 and nisoxetine failed to promote 50-kHz USVs detectably or alter the subtype profile, when tested alone or in combination.
Conclusions
The rate of 50-kHz USVs and the call subtype profile following systemic AMPH administration depends on dopaminergic neurotransmission through D1-like and D2-like receptors. However, inhibiting dopamine and/or noradrenaline reuptake appears insufficient to induce calling.
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Acknowledgments
Supported by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) discovery grant (155055, to P.B.S.C) and an NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship D (to J.M.W). The authors would like to acknowledge the NIMH Chemical Synthesis and Drug Supply Program for generously providing clozapine, GBR 12909 2HCl, and (±)-nisoxetine HCl for this study. P.B.S.C. is a member of the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology at Concordia University in Montreal. The authors have no financial relationship with the organization that sponsored this research. All experiments comply with the current laws of Canada.
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Fig. S1
Experiments 8: GBR 12909 failed to significantly promote 50-kHz calling at any dose 20–40 min post-injection (a) and 40–60 min post-injection (b). *p < 0.05 versus vehicle control (Wilcoxon with Holm–Bonferroni correction) (DOC 80 kb)
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Wright, J.M., Dobosiewicz, M.R.S. & Clarke, P.B.S. The role of dopaminergic transmission through D1-like and D2-like receptors in amphetamine-induced rat ultrasonic vocalizations. Psychopharmacology 225, 853–868 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2871-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2871-1