Abstract
A long-standing conjecture of Lapidus states that under certain conditions, self-similar fractal sets fail to be Minkowski measurable if and only if they are of lattice type. It was shown by Falconer and Lapidus (working independently but both using renewal theory) that nonlattice self-similar subsets of \({\mathbb {R}}\) are Minkowski measurable, and the converse was shown by Lapidus and v. Frankenhuijsen a few years later, using complex dimensions. Around that time, Gatzouras used renewal theory to show that nonlattice self-similar subsets of \({\mathbb {R}}^d\) that satisfy the open set condition are Minkowski measurable for \(d \ge 1\). Since then, much effort has been made to prove the converse. In this paper, we prove a partial converse by means of renewal theory. Our proof allows us to recover several previous results in this regard, but is much shorter and extends to a more general setting; several technical conditions appearing in previous work have been removed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bandt, C., Hung, N.V., Rao, H.: On the open set condition for self-similar fractals. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 134(5), 1369–1374 (2006). doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-05-08300-0
Demir, B., Deniz, A., Koçak, Ş., Üreyen, A.E.: Tube formulas for graph-directed fractals. Fractals 18(3), 349–361 (2010). doi:10.1142/S0218348X10004919
Deniz, A., Koçak, Ş., Özdemir, Y., Ratiu, A., Üreyen, A.E.: On the Minkowski measurability of self-similar fractals in \({\mathbb{R}}^d\). Turk. J. Math. 37(5), 830–846 (2013)
Deniz, A., Koçak, Ş., Özdemir, Y., Üreyen, A.E.: Tube formula for self-similar fractals with non-Steiner-like generators. In: Proceedings of the Gökova Geometry-Topology Conference 2012, pp. 123–145. International Press, Somerville (2013)
Deniz, A., Koçak, Ş., Özdemir, Y., Üreyen, A.E.: Tube formulas for self-similar and graph-directed fractals. Math. Intell. 35(3), 36–49 (2013). doi:10.1007/s00283-013-9382-8
Deniz, A., Koçak, Ş., Özdemir, Y., Üreyen, A.E.: Tube volumes via functional equations. J. Geom. (2014). doi:10.1007/s00022-014-0241-3
Falconer, K.J.: On the Minkowski measurability of fractals. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 123(4), 1115–1124 (1995). doi:10.2307/2160708
Falconer, K.J.: Techniques in Fractal Geometry. Wiley, Chichester (1997)
Falconer, K.J.: Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken (2003). doi:10.1002/0470013850
Feller, W.: An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, vol. I, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York (1968)
Gatzouras, D.: Lacunarity of self-similar and stochastically self-similar sets. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 352(5), 1953–1983 (2000). doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-99-02539-8
Hutchinson, J.E.: Fractals and self-similarity. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 30(5), 713–747 (1981). doi:10.1512/iumj.1981.30.30055
Kesseböhmer, M., Kombrink, S.: Minkowski content and fractal Euler characteristic for conformal graph directed systems. J. Fractal Geom. 2(2), 171–227 (2015). doi:10.4171/JFG/19
Kneser, M.: Einige Bemerkungen über das Minkowskische Flächenmaß. Arch. Math. 6(5), 382–390 (1955). doi:10.1007/BF01900510
Koçak, Ş., Ratiu, A.V.: Inner tube formulas for polytopes. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 140(3), 999–1010 (2012). doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-2011-11307-8
Kombrink, S.: Fractal curvature measures and Minkowski content for limit sets of conformal function systems. Ph.D. thesis, Universität Bremen. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00102477-19 (2011)
Lalley, S.P.: The packing and covering functions of some self-similar fractals. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 37(3), 699–710 (1988). doi:10.1512/iumj.1988.37.37034
Lalley, S.P.: Renewal theorems in symbolic dynamics, with applications to geodesic flows, non-Euclidean tessellations and their fractal limits. Acta Math. 163(1–2), 1–55 (1989). doi:10.1007/BF02392732
Lapidus, M.L.: Vibrations of fractal drums, the Riemann hypothesis, waves in fractal media and the Weyl-Berry conjecture. In: Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, vol. IV (Dundee, 1992), Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics Series, vol. 289, pp. 126–209. Longman Science and Technology, Harlow (1993)
Lapidus, M.L., van Frankenhuijsen, M.: Fractal Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions: Geometry and spectra of fractal strings, 2nd edn. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Springer, New York (2013). doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2176-4
Lapidus, M.L., Pearse, E.P.J.: Tube formulas for self-similar fractals. In: Analysis on Graphs and its Applications, Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, vol. 77, pp. 211–230. American Mathematical Society, Providence. arXiv:0711.0173 (2008)
Lapidus, M.L., Pearse, E.P.J.: Tube formulas and complex dimensions of self-similar tilings. Acta Appl. Math. 112, 91–137 (2010). doi:10.1007/s10440-010-9562-x
Lapidus, M.L., Pearse, E.P.J., Winter, S.: Pointwise tube formulas for fractal sprays and self-similar tilings with arbitrary generators. Adv. Math. 227, 1349–1398 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.aim.2011.03.004
Lapidus, M.L., Pearse, E.P.J., Winter, S.: Minkowski measurability results for self-similar tilings and fractals with monophase generators. In: Carfi, D., Lapidus, M.L., Pearse, E.P.J., Van Frankenhuysen, M. (eds.) Fractal Geometry and Dynamical Systems in Pure and Applied Mathematics I: Fractals in Pure Mathematics. Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 600, pp. 185–203. American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island (2013). doi:10.1090/conm/600/11951
Pearse, E.P.J.: Complex dimensions of self-similar systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Riverside (2006)
Pearse, E.P.J.: Canonical self-affine tilings by iterated function systems. Indiana Univ. Math J. 56(6), 3151–3169 (2007). doi:10.1512/iumj.2007.56.3220
Pearse, E.P.J., Winter, S.: Geometry of canonical self-similar tilings. Rocky Mt. J. Math. 42(4), 1327–1357 (2012). doi:10.1216/RMJ-2012-42-4-1327
Rataj, J., Winter, S.: Characterization of Minkowski measurability in terms of surface area. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 400(1), 120–132 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.10.059
Resman, M.: Invariance of the normalized Minkowski content with respect to the ambient space. Chaos Solitons Fractals 57, 123–128 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2013.10.001
Schief, A.: Separation properties for self-similar sets. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 122(1), 111–115 (1994). doi:10.2307/2160849
Winter, S.: Curvature measures and fractals. Dissertationes Math. 453, 1–66 (2008). doi:10.4064/dm453-0-1. (Rozprawy Mat.)
Winter, S.: Minkowski content and fractal curvatures of self-similar tilings and generator formulas for self-similar sets. Adv. Math. 274, 285–322 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.aim.2015.01.005
Acknowledgments
The first author was supported by Grant 03/113/08 of the Zentrale Forschungsförderung, Universität Bremen. The third author was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Grant WI 3264/2-2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kombrink, S., Pearse, E.P.J. & Winter, S. Lattice-type self-similar sets with pluriphase generators fail to be Minkowski measurable. Math. Z. 283, 1049–1070 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-016-1633-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-016-1633-x
Keywords
- Self-similar set
- Lattice and nonlattice case
- Minkowski dimension
- Minkowski measurability
- Minkowski content