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Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone mineral density and proximal femur geometry in Koreans: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2009

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Abstract

Summary

The association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) and proximal femur bone geometry was examined in the Korean population. A positive relationship between skeletal health and 25(OH)D levels was observed. However, there were no significant differences in skeletal health between the groups with 25(OH)D level of 50–75 nmol/L and greater than 75 nmol/L.

Introduction

Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and normal mineralization of bone. However, the optimal level of vitamin D for skeletal health has not been clearly established. We analyzed the associations between serum 25(OH)D and BMD and proximal femur bone geometry and determined the optimal 25(OH)D level.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 10,062 participants (20–95 years, 4,455 men, 5,607 women) in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) conducted from 2008 to 2009. Participants were divided into groups according to 25(OH)D level (<25, 25–50, 50–75, and ≥75 nmol/L). BMD and proximal femur geometric indices were measured.

Results

The group with 25(OH)D levels of 50–75 nmol/L had greater bone density values, with the exception of the lumbar spine, and also had greater femur neck cortical thickness, cross-sectional area, and cross-sectional moment of inertia, as well as a lesser buckling ratio than the groups with 25(OH)D level of 25–50 nmol/L and less than 25 nmol/L. However, there were no significant differences in BMD and proximal femur geometry properties between the groups with 50–75 nmol/L and greater than 75 nmol/L of 25(OH)D.

Conclusion

The skeletal outcomes, including BMD and proximal femur geometric indices observed in this study, suggest that serum 25(OH)D levels of 50 to <75 nmol/L are optimal for skeletal health.

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Abbreviations

BMD:

Bone mineral density

BR:

Buckling ratio

CSA:

Cross-sectional area

CSMI:

Cross-sectional moment of inertia

CT:

Cortical thickness

FN:

Femur neck

HSA:

Hip structure analysis

IOM:

Institute of Medicine

KNHANES:

Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

NN:

Narrow neck

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

RCTs:

Randomized controlled trials

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (No. 20110001024) and the Dongguk University Research Fund 2011.

Conflicts of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea

    S. Hwang, Y. Rhee & S. K. Lim

  2. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, 410-773, South Korea

    H. S. Choi

  3. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea

    K. M. Kim

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  1. S. Hwang
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  5. S. K. Lim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. K. Lim.

Additional information

S. Hwang and H. S. Choi contributed equally to this article.

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Hwang, S., Choi, H.S., Kim, K.M. et al. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone mineral density and proximal femur geometry in Koreans: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2009. Osteoporos Int 26, 163–171 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2877-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2877-0

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