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Underdevelopment of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the distal femur of nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy becomes more pronounced with distance from the growth plate

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Abstract

Summary

We found that the underdeveloped trabecular bone microarchitecture in the distal femur of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who are unable to ambulate independently becomes more pronounced with increased distance from the growth plate. This suggests that the degree of underdevelopment in trabecular bone in children with CP is greater than previously understood.

Introduction

Children with CP who are unable to ambulate independently have severely underdeveloped trabecular bone microarchitecture in the distal femur. The aim of the study was to determine if the level of underdevelopment in trabecular bone microarchitecture is consistent across the distal femur in children with CP.

Methods

Children with quadriplegic CP and typically developing children were studied (n = 12/group, 5–14 years). Apparent bone volume to total volume (appBV/TV), trabecular number (appTb.N), trabecular thickness (appTb.Th), and trabecular separation (appTb.Sp) were estimated in each of 20 magnetic resonance images collected above the growth plate in the distal femur.

Results

For the total region, appBV/TV, appTb.N, and appTb.Th were lower (30, 21, and 12 %, respectively) and appTb.Sp was higher (52 %) (all p ≤ 0.001) in children with CP than in controls. Distance from the growth plate was inversely related to appBV/TV and appTb.N and was positively related to appTb.Sp at the same distance in children with CP and controls (all p < 0.01). However, the relationships were stronger (r 2 = 0.87 to 0.92 versus 0.36 to 0.65) and the slopes were steeper in children with CP (all p < 0.01). Furthermore, the steepness of the slopes in children with CP was positively related to appBV/TV, appTb.N, appTb.Th, and appTb.Sp for the total region (r 2 = 0.37 to 0.75, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The underdeveloped trabecular bone microarchitecture in the metaphysis of the distal femur in children with CP becomes more pronounced with greater distance from the growth plate. This pattern is most profound in children with the least developed trabecular bone microarchitecture.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (HD071397 and HD050530) and the National Osteoporosis Foundation. We express our deepest gratitude to all research participants and their families.

Conflicts of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA

    C. M. Modlesky, D. G. Whitney, H. Singh & J. T. Kirby

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    M. F. Barbe

  3. Department of Orthopaedics, Nemours AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA

    F. Miller

Authors
  1. C. M. Modlesky
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  2. D. G. Whitney
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  3. H. Singh
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  4. M. F. Barbe
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  5. J. T. Kirby
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  6. F. Miller
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Correspondence to C. M. Modlesky.

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Modlesky, C.M., Whitney, D.G., Singh, H. et al. Underdevelopment of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the distal femur of nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy becomes more pronounced with distance from the growth plate. Osteoporos Int 26, 505–512 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2873-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2873-4

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