Abstract
In order to move the polar singularity of arbitrary spherical harmonic expansion to a point on the equator, we rotate the expansion around the y-axis by \(90^{\circ }\) such that the x-axis becomes a new pole. The expansion coefficients are transformed by multiplying a special value of Wigner D-matrix and a normalization factor. The transformation matrix is unchanged whether the coefficients are \(4 \pi \) fully normalized or Schmidt quasi-normalized. The matrix is recursively computed by the so-called X-number formulation (Fukushima in J Geodesy 86: 271–285, 2012a). As an example, we obtained \(2190\times 2190\) coefficients of the rectangular rotated spherical harmonic expansion of EGM2008. A proper combination of the original and the rotated expansions will be useful in (i) integrating the polar orbits of artificial satellites precisely and (ii) synthesizing/analyzing the gravitational/geomagnetic potentials and their derivatives accurately in the high latitude regions including the arctic and antarctic area.
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The author appreciates valuable suggestions and fruitful comments by Dr. Markus Antoni and two anonymous referees to improve the readability and quality of the article.
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Fukushima, T. Rectangular rotation of spherical harmonic expansion of arbitrary high degree and order. J Geod 91, 995–1011 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1004-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1004-3