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Radio and millimeter continuum surveys and their astrophysical implications

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The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review Aims and scope

Abstract

We review the statistical properties of the main populations of radio sources, as emerging from radio and millimeter sky surveys. Recent determinations of local luminosity functions are presented and compared with earlier estimates still in widespread use. A number of unresolved issues are discussed. These include: the (possibly luminosity-dependent) decline of source space densities at high redshifts; the possible dichotomies between evolutionary properties of low- versus high-luminosity and of flat- versus steep-spectrum AGN-powered radio sources; and the nature of sources accounting for the upturn of source counts at sub-milli-Jansky (mJy) levels. It is shown that straightforward extrapolations of evolutionary models, accounting for both the far-IR counts and redshift distributions of star-forming galaxies, match the radio source counts at flux-density levels of tens of μJy remarkably well. We consider the statistical properties of rare but physically very interesting classes of sources, such as GHz Peak Spectrum and ADAF/ADIOS sources, and radio afterglows of γ-ray bursts. We also discuss the exploitation of large-area radio surveys to investigate large-scale structure through studies of clustering and the Integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect. Finally, we briefly describe the potential of the new and forthcoming generations of radio telescopes. A compendium of source counts at different frequencies is given in Supplementary Material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Gianfranco De Zotti & Marcella Massardi

  2. SISSA/ISAS, Via Beirut 2–4, 34014, Trieste, Italy

    Gianfranco De Zotti & Marcella Massardi

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK

    Mattia Negrello

  4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada

    Jasper Wall

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  1. Gianfranco De Zotti
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De Zotti, G., Massardi, M., Negrello, M. et al. Radio and millimeter continuum surveys and their astrophysical implications. Astron Astrophys Rev 18, 1–65 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-009-0026-0

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