Abstract
Surrogate models are used to dramatically improve the design efficiency of numerical aerodynamic shape optimization, where high-fidelity, expensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often employed. Traditionally, in adaptation, only one single sample point is chosen to update the surrogate model during each updating cycle, after the initial surrogate model is built. To enable the selection of multiple new samples at each updating cycle, a few parallel infilling strategies have been developed in recent years, in order to reduce the optimization wall clock time. In this article, an alternative parallel infilling strategy for surrogate-based constrained optimization is presented and demonstrated by the aerodynamic shape optimization of transonic wings. Different from existing methods in which multiple sample points are chosen by a single infill criterion, this article uses a combination of multiple infill criteria, with each criterion choosing a different sample point. Constrained drag minimizations of the ONERA-M6 and DLR-F4 wings are exercised to demonstrate the proposed method, including low-dimensional (6 design variables) and higher-dimensional problems (up to 48 design variables). The results show that, for surrogate-based optimization of transonic wings, the proposed method is more effective than the existing parallel infilling strategies, when the number of initial sample points are in the range from N v to 8N v (N v here denotes the number of design variables). Each case is repeated 50 times to eliminate the effect of randomness in our results.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11272265) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 3102015BJ(II) MYZ18). The Authors would like to thank the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin for the use of computation resource of TianHe-1A, and Mr. Chen Fu for his effort helping us to adapt the optimization framework to TianHe-1A. The Authors also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editor for their thoughtful comments and suggestions for improving this article. The authors are grateful for Dr. Richard Dwight from Delft University of Technology who helped us to improve the language from the perspective of an English native speaker.
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Liu, J., Song, WP., Han, ZH. et al. Efficient aerodynamic shape optimization of transonic wings using a parallel infilling strategy and surrogate models. Struct Multidisc Optim 55, 925–943 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-016-1546-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-016-1546-7