References
Holick MF (2007) Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 357:266–281
Amrein K, Venkatesh B (2012) Vitamin D and the critically ill patient. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15:188–193
McNally JD, Menon K (2013) Vitamin D deficiency in surgical congenital heart disease: prevalence and relevance. Transl Pediatr 2(3):99–111
Perron RM, Lee P (2013) Efficacy of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in the critically ill patients. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 12:273–281
Zajic P, Amrein K (2014) Vitamin D deficiency in the ICU—a systematic review. Minerva Endocrinol 39(4):275–287
Braun A, Chang D, Mahadevappa K, Gibbons FK, Liu Y, Giovannucci E, Christopher KB (2011) Association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and mortality in the critically ill. Crit Care Med 39:671–677
McNally JD, Menon K, Chakraborty P, Fisher L, Williams KA, Al-Dirbashi OY, Girolamo T, Maharajh G, Doherty DR (2013) Impact of anesthesia and surgery for congenital heart disease on the vitamin D status of infants and children: a prospective longitudinal study. Anesthesiology 119:71–80
Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA et al (2011) The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:53–58
Amrein K, Schnedl C, Holl A et al (2014) Effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency: the VITdAL-ICU randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312:1520–1530
Higgins DM, Wischmeyer PE, Queensland KM, Sillau SH, Sufit AJ, Heyland DK (2012) Relationship of vitamin D deficiency to clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 36:713–720
Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Verlinden L, van Etten E, Verstuyf A, Luderer HF, Lieben L, Mathieu C, Demay M (2008) Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev 29:726–776
Lee P (2011) Vitamin D metabolism and deficiency in critical illness. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 25:769–781
Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al (2011) Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:1911–1930
Pojsupap S, Iliriani K, Sampaio TZ et al (2015) Efficacy of high-dose vitamin D in pediatric asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma 52(4):382–390
Conflicts of interest
The authors report no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amrein, K., Christopher, K.B. & McNally, J.D. Understanding vitamin D deficiency in intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 41, 1961–1964 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3937-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3937-4