Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Infektiologische Fragestellungen sind häufig in der gynäkologischen Notfallversorgung.
Zielsetzung
Ziel ist, klinisch tätigen Ärzten eine Zusammenfassung verschiedener Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie akut verlaufender gynäkologischer Infektionen und zu Indikation und Durchführung einer Postexpositionsprophylaxe (PEP) zu bieten.
Methode
Empfehlungen maßgeblicher Institutionen wurden analysiert, bei Bedarf auch eingeflossene Literatur. Die Datenbank Pubmed wurde durchsucht anhand der Begriffe „pelvic inflammatory disease“ , „salpingitis“, „endometritis“, „cervicitis“, „Bartholinitis“, „Bartholin’s Cyst“, „Bartholini abscess“, „HIV“, „post-exposure prophylaxis“, „genital herpes“ und „HSV-2“.
Ergebnisse
Bei Verdacht auf PID sollte eine Therapie nach Ausschluss nichtgenitaler Erkrankungsursachen erfolgen. Nach potenzieller Exposition kann eine PEP u. a. eine HIV-Infektion verhindern. Die Indikation zur HIV-PEP ist abhängig vom Infektionsstatus der Kontaktperson und der Kontaktart. Die Technik zur Drainage eines Bartholini-Abszesses mit der geringsten Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit ist unbekannt. Die HSV(Herpes simplex virus)-2-Seroprävalenz liegt in Deutschland bei ca. 15 %, zur Therapie kann Aciclovir eingesetzt werden.
Diskussion
Ein effektives infektiologisches Management kann ein zügiges Abheilen erreichen, Komplikationen verhindern und Erkrankungen bzw. Infektionen vorbeugen. Die Evidenzlage zur Differenzialtherapie von Bartholiniabszessen reicht nicht aus, eine Empfehlung auszusprechen.
Abstract
Background
Infection-related symptoms are a frequent challenge in emergency gynecological treatment.
Objective
This article aims to provide clinicians with a summary and an assessment of the various guidelines regarding the diagnostics and therapy of acute gynecological infections as well as the indications and implementation of postexposure prophylaxis.
Methods
The recommendations of leading institutions were reviewed and where necessary the cited evidence was analyzed. The database of the Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed, was searched using the terms pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), salpingitis, endometritis, cervicitis, bartholinitis, Bartholin’s cyst, Bartholin’s abscess, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), genital herpes and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
Results
When PID is suspected treatment should be carried out after exclusion of an extragenital etiology of symptoms. After potential exposure PEP can prevent infection, especially after exposure to HIV and is indicated depending on the HIV status of the contact person and the type of contact. Of the various effective techniques for draining a Bartholin’s abscess, the one with the least risk of recurrence is not known. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 is approximately 15 % in German women and acyclovir can be used for treatment in different situations.
Discussion
Effective management of infection-related gynecological emergencies can lead to a rapid cure of infections, prevent complications and sequelae while PEP can prevent infections and diseases. There are insufficient data to recommend a particular treatment modality for Bartholin’s abscesses.
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F. Strube und L. Kiesel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Strube, F., Kiesel, L. Infektiologisches Management in der gynäkologischen Notfallversorgung. Gynäkologe 49, 9–15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3822-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3822-9
Schlüsselwörter
- Salpingitis
- Bartholinitis
- Postexpositionsprophylaxe
- „Pelvic inflammatory disease“
- Herpes-simplex-Virus Typ 2