Skip to main content
Log in

Infektiologisches Management in der gynäkologischen Notfallversorgung

Management of acute gynecological infections

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Infektiologische Fragestellungen sind häufig in der gynäkologischen Notfallversorgung.

Zielsetzung

Ziel ist, klinisch tätigen Ärzten eine Zusammenfassung verschiedener Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie akut verlaufender gynäkologischer Infektionen und zu Indikation und Durchführung einer Postexpositionsprophylaxe (PEP) zu bieten.

Methode

Empfehlungen maßgeblicher Institutionen wurden analysiert, bei Bedarf auch eingeflossene Literatur. Die Datenbank Pubmed wurde durchsucht anhand der Begriffe „pelvic inflammatory disease“ , „salpingitis“, „endometritis“, „cervicitis“, „Bartholinitis“, „Bartholin’s Cyst“, „Bartholini abscess“, „HIV“, „post-exposure prophylaxis“, „genital herpes“ und „HSV-2“.

Ergebnisse

Bei Verdacht auf PID sollte eine Therapie nach Ausschluss nichtgenitaler Erkrankungsursachen erfolgen. Nach potenzieller Exposition kann eine PEP u. a. eine HIV-Infektion verhindern. Die Indikation zur HIV-PEP ist abhängig vom Infektionsstatus der Kontaktperson und der Kontaktart. Die Technik zur Drainage eines Bartholini-Abszesses mit der geringsten Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit ist unbekannt. Die HSV(Herpes simplex virus)-2-Seroprävalenz liegt in Deutschland bei ca. 15 %, zur Therapie kann Aciclovir eingesetzt werden.

Diskussion

Ein effektives infektiologisches Management kann ein zügiges Abheilen erreichen, Komplikationen verhindern und Erkrankungen bzw. Infektionen vorbeugen. Die Evidenzlage zur Differenzialtherapie von Bartholiniabszessen reicht nicht aus, eine Empfehlung auszusprechen.

Abstract

Background

Infection-related symptoms are a frequent challenge in emergency gynecological treatment.

Objective

This article aims to provide clinicians with a summary and an assessment of the various guidelines regarding the diagnostics and therapy of acute gynecological infections as well as the indications and implementation of postexposure prophylaxis.

Methods

The recommendations of leading institutions were reviewed and where necessary the cited evidence was analyzed. The database of the Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed, was searched using the terms pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), salpingitis, endometritis, cervicitis, bartholinitis, Bartholin’s cyst, Bartholin’s abscess, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), genital herpes and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).

Results

When PID is suspected treatment should be carried out after exclusion of an extragenital etiology of symptoms. After potential exposure PEP can prevent infection, especially after exposure to HIV and is indicated depending on the HIV status of the contact person and the type of contact. Of the various effective techniques for draining a Bartholin’s abscess, the one with the least risk of recurrence is not known. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 is approximately 15 % in German women and acyclovir can be used for treatment in different situations.

Discussion

Effective management of infection-related gynecological emergencies can lead to a rapid cure of infections, prevent complications and sequelae while PEP can prevent infections and diseases. There are insufficient data to recommend a particular treatment modality for Bartholin’s abscesses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Abulafia O, Sherer DM (1997) Bartholin gland abscess: sonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound 25(1):47–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Atema JJ, Gans SL, Van Randen A, Laméris W, van Es HW, van Heesewijk JP, van Ramshorst B, Bouma WH, Ten HW, van Keulen EM, Dijkgraaf MG, Bossuyt PM, Stoker J, Boermeester MA (2015) Comparison of imaging strategies with conditional versus immediate contrast-enhanced computed tomography in patients with clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis. Eur Radiol 25(8):2445–2452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Brook I (1989) Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of Bartholin’s abscess. Surg Obstet Gynecol 169(1):32–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Corey L, Wald A, Patel R, Sacks SL, Tyring SK, Warren T, Douglas JM, Paavonen J, Morrow RA, Beutner KR, Stratchounsky LS, Mertz G, Keene ON, Watson HA, Tait D, Vargas-Cortes M, Valacyclovir HSV Transmission Study Group (2004) Once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes. N Engl J Med 350(1):11–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Deutsche AIDS Gesellschaft (DAIG) (2013) Deutsch-Österreichische Leitlinien zur Postexpositionellen Prophylaxe der HIV-Infektion. http://www.daignet.de. Zugegriffen: 21.11.2013

    Google Scholar 

  6. Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2013) U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2013. MMWR Recomm Rep 62(RR-05):1–60

    Google Scholar 

  7. Robert Koch Institut (2009) Epidemiologisches Bulletin. Nr 37. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  8. Figueiredo AC, Duarte PE, Gomes TP, Borrego JM, Marques CA (2012) Bartholin’s gland cysts: management with carbon-dioxide laser vaporization. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 34(12):550–554

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. AWMF (2013) Gonorrhoe bei Erwachsenen und Adoleszenten. S2k-Leitlinie: Gonorrhoe bei Erwachsenen und Adoleszenten. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/059-004l_S25_Gonorrhoe_bei_Erwachsenen_Adoleszenten_2014-verlaengert.pdf. Zugegriffen 19.11.2015

  10. Haggerty CL, Gottlieb SL, Taylor BD, Low N, Xu F, Ness RB (2010) Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. J Infect Dis 201(Suppl 2):S134–55

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Heinonen PK, Leinonen M (2003) Fecundity and morbidity following acute pelvic inflammatory disease treated with doxycycline and metronidazole. Arch Gynecol Obstet 268(4):284–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hillis SD, Joesoef R, Marchbanks PA, Wasserheit JN, Cates W, Westrom L (1993) Delayed care of pelvic inflammatory disease as a risk factor for impaired fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168(5):1503–1509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Johansson EP, Rydh A, Riklund KA (2007) Ultrasound, computed tomography, and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Acta Radiol 48(3):267–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Levenson RB, Pearson KM, Saokar A, Lee SI, Mueller PR, Hahn PF (2011) Image-guided drainage of tuboovarian abscesses of gastrointestinal or genitourinary origin: a retrospective analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 22(5):678–686

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Morrow R, Friedrich D (2006) Performance of a novel test for IgM and IgG antibodies in subjects with culture-documented genital herpes simplex virus-1 or -2 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 12(5):463–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ness RB, Trautmann G, Richter HE, Randall H, Peipert JF, Nelson DB, Schubeck D, McNeeley SG, Trout W, Bass DC, Soper DE (2005) Effectiveness of treatment strategies of some women with pelvic inflammatory disease: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 106(3):573–580

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pundir J, Auld BJ (2008) A review of the management of diseases of the Bartholin’s gland. J Obstet Gynaecol 28(2):161–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Reif P, Ulrich D, Bjelic-Radisic V, Häusler M, Schnedl-Lamprecht E, Tamussino K (2015) Management of Bartholin’s cyst and abscess using the Word catheter: implementation, recurrence rates and costs. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 190:81–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Reinheimer C, Doerr HW (2012) Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in different risk groups: thirty years after the onset of HIV. Intervirology 55(6):395–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Romosan G, Bjartling C, Skoog L, Valentin L (2013) Ultrasound for diagnosing acute salpingitis: a prospective observational diagnostic study. Hum Reprod 28(6):1569–1579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ross J, Judlin P, Jensen J (2014) 2012 European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J STD AIDS 25(1):1–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Sellors J, Mahony J, Goldsmith C, Rath D, Mander R, Hunter B, Taylor C, Groves D, Richardson H, Chernesky M (1991) The accuracy of clinical findings and laparoscopy in pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164(1 Pt 1):113–120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sordia-Hernández LH, Serrano Castro LG, Sordia-Piñeyro MO, Morales Martinez A, Sepulveda Orozco MC, Guerrero-Gonzalez G (2015) Comparative study of the clinical features of patients with a tubo-ovarian abscess and patients with severe pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.038

    Google Scholar 

  24. Tepper NK, Steenland MW, Gaffield ME, Marchbanks PA, Curtis KM (2013) Retention of intrauterine devices in women who acquire pelvic inflammatory disease: a systematic review. Contraception 87(5):655–660

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Vicetti Miguel RD, Chivukula M, Krishnamurti U, Amortegui AJ, Kant JA, Sweet RL, Wiesenfeld HC, Phillips JM, Cherpes TL (2011) Limitations of the criteria used to diagnose histologic endometritis in epidemiologic pelvic inflammatory disease research. Pathol Res Pract 207(11):680–685

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Visco AG, Del Priore G (1996) Postmenopausal bartholin gland enlargement: a hospital-based cancer risk assessment. Obstet Gynecol 87(2):286–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wald A, Huang ML, Carrell D, Selke S, Corey L (2003) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA on mucosal surfaces: comparison with HSV isolation in cell culture. J Infect Dis 188(9):1345–1351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Walker CK, Wiesenfeld HC (2007) Antibiotic therapy for acute pelvic inflammatory disease: the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 44(Suppl 3):S111–S122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Workowski KA, Bolan GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 64(RR-03):1–137

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yudin MH, Hillier SL, Wiesenfeld HC, Krohn MA, Amortegui AA, Sweet RL (2003) Vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacterial vaginosis as markers for histologic endometritis among women without symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188(2):318–323

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Serno J, Papathemelis T, Maass N (2013) Entzündliche Erkrankungen der Adnexe. Gynäkologe 46:331–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Serno J, Papathemelis T, Maass N (2015) Gynäkologische Notfälle. Gynäkologe 48:243–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to F. Strube or L. Kiesel.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

F. Strube und L. Kiesel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Additional information

Redaktion

G. Emons, Göttingen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Strube, F., Kiesel, L. Infektiologisches Management in der gynäkologischen Notfallversorgung. Gynäkologe 49, 9–15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3822-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3822-9

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation