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Nimmt die gynäkologische Fertilität ab?

Is there a decline in female fertility?

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Zusammenfassung

In vielen industrialisierten Ländern hat die Geburtenzahl pro Frau in den letzten Dekaden signifikant abgenommen, was hauptsächlich Veränderungen sozioökonomischer und gesellschaftlicher Faktoren wie einem höheren Alter bei Geburt des ersten Kindes zugeschrieben wurde. Zusätzlich zu den genannten Einflüssen wurde eine generelle Abnahme der menschlichen Fertilität postuliert. Einige Studien dokumentieren eine mögliche Abnahme der Spermaqualität in den letzten Jahren, die Paarfertilität scheint im Gegensatz dazu zugenommen zu haben. Die Datenlage zu Veränderungen der weiblichen Fertilität ist aufgrund unterschiedlicher Begriffsdefinitionen, Studiendesigns und Studienendpunkten jedoch extrem heterogen, so dass endgültige Schlussfolgerungen derzeit nicht gezogen werden können. Lebensstilfaktoren interferieren zusätzlich mit der individuellen Fertilität. Eine fundierte Patientenberatung sollte biologische Basisinformationen, z. B. die Altersabhängigkeit der weiblichen Fertilität, bieten, aber auch individuelle Risikofaktoren beachten. Zusammenfassend besteht ein Bedarf an weiteren gut konzipierten Studien zu der geschilderten Thematik.

Abstract

In many developed countries the average number of children born per woman has declined significantly during recent decades. This was mainly due to changes in socioeconomic factors and behavioral changes, such as postponement of childbearing. In addition to the these developments a general decline in human fertility was postulated. Several reports indicated a possible decrease in semen parameters during the last decade, whereas couple fertility seemed to have increased instead. However, currently available publications are heterogeneous in terms of study design, defined endpoints or definition of fertility and at present no definite conclusions can be drawn. Additionally, there are multiple lifestyle factors which interfere with human fertility. Individual counselling of patients should cover basic biological information, e.g. reduced fertility at increased maternal age and individual risk factors. In general, more well designed studies on human fertility are needed.

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  1. Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Zentrum für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland

    H. van der Ven, M. Kühr, S. Roth & K. Van der Ven

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  1. H. van der Ven
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  2. M. Kühr
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  3. S. Roth
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  4. K. Van der Ven
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Correspondence to H. van der Ven.

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van der Ven, H., Kühr, M., Roth, S. et al. Nimmt die gynäkologische Fertilität ab?. Gynäkologe 46, 12–17 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-012-3036-3

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